CHINESE-LITERATURE-QUARTER-II-2
Page 1: Overview
21st Century Literature from the Philippines and the World
Focus on Module 1, Week 1.
Page 2: Key Philosophers
Confucius and Lao Tzu
Major figures in Chinese philosophy.
Page 3: Interesting Facts About China
3rd largest country in the world by area.
Toilet Paper was invented in China.
Red Color symbolizes happiness.
Ping Pong is national sport.
Tea was discovered in China.
Page 4: Asian Literary Regions
Regions Influencing Literature
East Asia: China, Japan, Korea.
South Asia: India.
Central Asia: Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Mongolia, Tibet, Nepal.
Middle East.
Southeast Asia: Philippines.
Page 5: Focus on Chinese Literature
Overview
Exploration of Chinese literary traditions.
Page 6: Confuciu
Background
Born September 28, 551 BC, in Lu, China.
Possible student of Lao Tzu.
Held multiple government roles, including Minister of Crime.
Works compiled in the Analects.
Page 7: Chinese Literature
Historical Context
Began over 2,000 years ago with The Book of Poetry (Shijing).
First anthology compiled after 600 B.C., containing 305 poems from 800-600 B.C.
Page 8: Rhetorical Devices
Poetic Techniques
Use of metaphor in The Book of Poetry.
Notable works: The Songs of the South (Chuci), prose of Qin and Han dynasties, Tang poetry, Song lyric, and traditional short stories and dramas.
Page 9: Modern Chinese Literature
Characteristics
Combines expression of heart and mind, addressing individual and societal themes.
Page 10: Influences on Traditional Literature
Intellectual Influences
Confucianism, Daoism, Buddhism.
Christianity's influence during Ming dynasty.
Traditional literature also influenced by non-Chinese music and cultures.
Page 11: Confucianism
Core Beliefs
Focuses on personal ethics and morality.
Foundation for much of Chinese culture.
Page 12: Taoism
Philosophy and Religion
Founded by Lao Tzu, emphasizing harmony with the Tao.
Connection to balance in nature.
Page 13: Buddhism
Overview
Originated in India 2,500 years ago.
Emphasizes overcoming suffering through meditation and good behavior.
Page 14: Notable Modern Chinese Writers
Recent Contributions
Mo Yan (2012 Nobel Prize winner).
Notable novels by Yu Hua, Wang Shuo, and others.
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Page 16: Literature Module Continuation
21st Century Literature from the Philippines
Focus on Chinese Literature Part 2.
Page 17: Life Lessons from Confucius
Key Teachings
Beauty: "Everything has its beauty, but not everyone sees it."
Persistence: "It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop."
Resilience: "Our greatest glory is not in never falling, but in rising every time we fall."
Self-Improvement: "Never form a friendship with a man who is not better than you."
Dream Following: "Adjust actions to reach goals, not the goals themselves."
Wisdom Sharing: "Everyone has wisdom to share."
Integrity: "If they spit at you behind your back, it means you’re ahead of them."
Aging: "Old age is a good and pleasant thing."
Commitment: "Wherever you go, go with all your heart."
Silence: "If you have nothing nice to say, say nothing at all."
Page 18: Poem "BATTLE"
By Ch’ü Yüan
A vivid depiction of battle, courage, and immortality of spirits in warfare.
Page 19: The Book of Songs
Significance
Oldest collection of poetry, treasured for its insight into human emotion and thought.
Page 20: Confucianism Overview
Core Concepts
Focus on personal ethics and morality.
Page 21: Confucian Ethics
Key Tenets
a. Jen (Ren): Human-heartedness, unique goodness of humanity. b. Li: Ritual, custom, propriety, societal regulation.
Page 22: The Analects II
Governance Philosophy
Analogy of virtuous leadership to the north polar star.
The Book of Changes (I Ching): Concept of change as constant and observable patterns.
Page 23: The Tao
Concept Overview
Describes the natural order of the universe.
Taoist political ideas favor passive governance, contrasting with Confucian emphasis on societal conformity.
Page 24: Lao Tzu
Contributions
Founder of Taoism, contemporary of Confucius.
Pessimistic view on human accomplishments.
Page 25: The Tao Te Ching
Principles
Central idea of wu-wei (non-action) promoting natural flow.
Page 26: Genres in Chinese Poetry
Poetic Forms
A. Shih: Dominant form from 2nd-12th century, known for parallelism. B. Sao: Inspired by Li Sao, expresses lamentation and nature.
Page 27: More Poetic Genres
Characteristics
C. Fu: Expository and descriptive poetry, reflective sentiment. D. Lushih: Octave form with specific rhyming schemes.
Page 28: Contemporary Poetic Forms
Distinction
E. Chuehchu: Shorter version of Lushih. F. Tzu: Flexible form sung to popular tunes.