unit 3 cpush

  1. Bimetallism: An economic policy that supported using both gold and silver to back currency that farmers favored, as it would cause inflation

  2. farmer’s alliance: movement aimed at improving the economic conditions of farmers through cooperative buying and political advocacy, which eventually led to the Populist Party

  3. Populist Party: Political party representing farmers and laborers. Key points: bimetallism, government control of railroads, and economic reforms to aid the working class

  4. nativist: someone who favors natural-born citizens and doesn’t like immigrants

  5. interstate commerce act: 1887 law regulating railroad practices to curb Vanderbilt’s monopolistic abuses like unfair rates and discrimination against small businesses and farmers

  6. political machines: organized groups controlling local governments by exchanging favors/services for votes. They often stole money and were corrupt, like Tammany Hall

  7. Horizontal integration: business strategy where a company gains control over competitors by buying them. For example, Rockefeller bought all oil competitors to make Standard Oil one large company

  8. vertical integration: business strategy where a company controls all aspects of production and distribution. For example, Andrew Carnegie controlled his iron farms and his steel plants

  9. Laissez-Faire: economic philosophy that favored minimal government interference with business. Common in the gilded age, as there weren’t laws to prevent the few from getting so rich.

  10. Thomas Edison: American inventor that created the phonograph and electric light bulb

  11. John D. Rockefeller: Owner of Standard Oil, used horizontal integration to build a monopoly and become one of the richest people in history

  12. William (Boss) Tweed: Head of the Tammany Hall political machine, infamous for corruption and embezzling public funds

  13. Andrew Carnegie: founder of Carnegie steel, became rich by using vertical integration and pioneering the Bessemer steel production process. He later donated most of his money to charity.

  14. Samuel Morse: inventor of the telegraph and Morse code, which transformed communication in the mid-19th century

  15. Henry Bessemer: English engineer who developed the Bessemer process to mass-produce steel efficiently and affordably, which made Andrew Carnegie rich.

  16. William Jennings Bryan: Populist and democratic leader that advocated for bimetallism and progressive political campaigns.

  17. Homestead Strike: 1892 labor strike at Carnegie Steel that lead to violence and workers being killed, which highlighted the tensions between the elites and workers and the rise of labor unions.

  18. Cross of Gold Speech: 1896 speech by William Jennings Bryan that advocated for bimetallism and attacked the gold standard, energizing farmers and laborers

  19. Tammany Hall: New York political machine led by William “Boss” Tweed known for aiding immigrants in exchange for votes and significant money embezzling.Bimetallism: An economic policy that supported using both gold and silver to back currency that farmers favored, as it would cause inflation

  20. farmer’s alliance: movement aimed at improving the economic conditions of farmers through cooperative buying and political advocacy, which eventually led to the Populist Party

  21. Populist Party: Political party representing farmers and laborers. Key points: bimetallism, government control of railroads, and economic reforms to aid the working class

  22. nativist: someone who favors natural-born citizens and doesn’t like immigrants

  23. interstate commerce act: 1887 law regulating railroad practices to curb Vanderbilt’s monopolistic abuses like unfair rates and discrimination against small businesses and farmers

  24. political machines: organized groups controlling local governments by exchanging favors/services for votes. They often stole money and were corrupt, like Tammany Hall

  25. Horizontal integration: business strategy where a company gains control over competitors by buying them. For example, Rockefeller bought all oil competitors to make Standard Oil one large company

  26. vertical integration: business strategy where a company controls all aspects of production and distribution. For example, Andrew Carnegie controlled his iron farms and his steel plants

  27. Laissez-Faire: economic philosophy that favored minimal government interference with business. Common in the gilded age, as there weren’t laws to prevent the few from getting so rich.

  28. Thomas Edison: American inventor that created the phonograph and electric light bulb

  29. John D. Rockefeller: Owner of Standard Oil, used horizontal integration to build a monopoly and become one of the richest people in history

  30. William (Boss) Tweed: Head of the Tammany Hall political machine, infamous for corruption and embezzling public funds

  31. Andrew Carnegie: founder of Carnegie steel, became rich by using vertical integration and pioneering the Bessemer steel production process. He later donated most of his money to charity.

  32. Samuel Morse: inventor of the telegraph and Morse code, which transformed communication in the mid-19th century

  33. Henry Bessemer: English engineer who developed the Bessemer process to mass-produce steel efficiently and affordably, which made Andrew Carnegie rich.

  34. William Jennings Bryan: Populist and democratic leader that advocated for bimetallism and progressive political campaigns.

  35. Homestead Strike: 1892 labor strike at Carnegie Steel that lead to violence and workers being killed, which highlighted the tensions between the elites and workers and the rise of labor unions.

  36. Cross of Gold Speech: 1896 speech by William Jennings Bryan that advocated for bimetallism and attacked the gold standard, energizing farmers and laborers

  37. Tammany Hall: New York political machine led by William “Boss” Tweed known for aiding immigrants in exchange for votes and significant money embezzling.