AP World History Unit 8 - Lesson 8.6

First proposal of creation of Jewish state at the First Zionist Congress.
The Balfour Declaration favored the establishment of the Jewish state in Palestine despite Muslim occupation.
As Britain gained mandate of former Ottoman lands, Zionists began to immigrate from Europe and some of the Middle east to Palestine, angering Arabs in Palestine losing their way of life.
The United Nations responded to Arab opposition by dividing the newly Jewish part of Palestine into Israel.
War broke out quickly between Israel supported by the United States, and Palestine supported by Arab countries. Arab forces attempted to invade Israel but failed and 400,000 Palestinians became refugees.
- Six-Day War of 1967: Israel conquered land from Egypt, West Bank, Jordan, and Syria at once.
- Yom Kippur War of 1973: Israel repelled a secret invasion from Egypt and Syria.
Camp David Accords: Peace treaty from U.S. President Jimmy Carter, accepted between Egypt and Israel but rejected by Palestine and supporting Arab state.
Palestinian Liberation Organization: Formed by Arab states wanting return of Israel occupied lands and creation of independent State of Palestine.
During 21st century, Palestine split into the Fatah and the Hamas, while Israel implemented harsh polcies on them and took over more of their considered land. Arabs developed hatred towards Israel and the U.S. and instability.

Cambodia pressured France to grant it’s independence in 1953.
Getting drawn into the Vietnam War, a communist organization called Khmer Rogue overthrew Cambodia’’s right-wing government.
The Khmer Rogue instituted a ruthless cultural revolution like China did, killing a quarter of the population.
After the Vietnam War, Vietnam helped Cambodia regain stability, and withdrew in 1989.
The United Nations monitored Cambodia’s free elections, and the country developed a free democratic government with a market-like economy.

During the partition, many Hindus and Sikhs left Pakistan to India, and many Muslims left India for Pakistan, resulting in 500,000 - 1 million deaths.
Despite similar democratic governments, distrust between the two countries grew.
Kashmir Conflict: Both India and Pakistan claimed the mountain region of Kashmir on their borders, leading to armed conflict and split control with China gaining ~20%.

In both India and Pakistan, women had voting rights.
Sirimavo Bandaranaike: World’s first female prime minister after she was voted on in Ceylon/Sri Lanka, 1960.
- After being voted out and then back on, she implemented many radical reforms, but the economy was slow and she lost power once again in 1977
After India’s first prime minister died, his daughter, Indira Gandhi, took over and strengthened India’s economy.
- Before being assassinated in 1984, Indira overcame a national emergency in 1975 from poverty, and grew the economy greatly as well as reforming corrupt laws.
Benazir Bhutto: First elected female leader in a Muslim state, as prime minister of Pakistan from 1988-1990 she failed to help the economy and was later exiled(1999), then assassinated (2007)

United Republic of Tanzania established independence from the British in 1961.
Julius Nyerere: Served as first president of Tanzania, instituted socials ideas and campaigns for development in education and farming.
- Could not pull country out of economic hardship and poverty, leading to his resignation.

Large amounts of refugees from Southeast Asia emigrated to Britain after WWII.
Metropole: Large city of a former colonial ruler.
Vietnamese emigrated to France.
Fillipinos emigrated to the United States.
Migrants found jobs in the medical department, railroads and airports, keeping economic and cultural ties strong.