WSH finals sem 2

World Studies Honors

Final Exam Review

Second Semester

The final exam has two parts. There will be 50 multiple-choice questions covering the topics below, all from the second semester. The final ends with 25 questions about 8 documents. Most answers are found by correctly interpreting each document, analyzing the document, or grouping the documents. do imperialism-ww2 may 10

Multiple-Choice Topics:

Imperialism: when a country extends it’s power and influence into another country for personal gain

• Motives?
  god, glory, and gold. but mostly trying to get land (like in africa)
• Outcomes?

cultural supression, political domination, and explotation of resoruces and workers, and baically hurting the actual people under imperialism than anything else

World War 1: 1914-1918

• Identify the causes of WW1.
  M.A.N.I.A

Militarism a nations desire to build and maintain a strong military

germay= wanted to defend itself from france

frnace= wanted to defend itself from germany

england= the germans built a large navy whcih threatned british cotnrol of the seas (they had the largest and most powerful navy at the time)

(europe used there militaries to prove who was superior

Alliances: the triple alliance: germany, austro hungary, and italy

the triple entente: great britain, france, and britain

Nationalism: after the franco-prussian war germany and on high and felt like a world power, but the french were emabrssed after there lost

Imperialism: germany was trying to regian land, btu the british and french were teaming up to beat africas ass out there

Asasination: the assasination of franz ferinand was basically the catalyst of the war

• Describe trench warfare.
  trench warfare was the main warfare used durign ww1. basically its where both sides woudl dig big holes and they would shoot eachother and lived in these holes while fighting. they would be singaled to go up and fight into ‘no mans land’ and both sides would just shoot each othe to death. ineffectie bc nothing really happended, people just died.
• What was the impact of WW1 on the home front?
  there was a lot of propaganda on all sides to encourage to supprot the war, women actually went and worked jobs that were normally reserved for ‘men’. shortage of food, airshps raided london and in germany onto civilians, the idea of all these people dying and hearing it from the home front.
• What countries used unrestricted submarine warfare as a tactic?
  mostly germany
• What major countries were involved? What was their role?
  the major countries involved were germany (leading power of triple alliance and was responsible for the start of the war), great britain (major leading force for the triple entente, had professional military that was good overseas), france(heavily involved in line of defense during the final bits), russia(had the hugest army and helped lessen the blow for the forces in france, lost a lot tho), austro-hungary (relativley passive diplomatic role), and kinda us and italy
• Describe the terms of the Treaty of Versailles.

germany would be forced to surrender thier colonies, reduce the size of its military, pay war reparations (132 billons gold marks, $33 billion US) (adressing the issue of imperialism is this part!), and accept the guilt ofr the war.

Russian Revolution: 1917

• Who were the major leaders?
  tsar nicholas II, vladmir lenin, leon trotsky, alexander kerenskey
• How was propaganda used?
  propaganda was mainly used to convince common people to join the rev. like using food scarcity as a way to direct this anger to the tsar. and showed enemies demonic like.
• What were the political philosophies? Where did they fall on the political spectrum?
  the bolshivveks belived that russia was ready for socalism. they were revoluntonairy socialists. adn they hated cpatalism. were huge fans of marxist ideas. communist.
• Describe Stalin and his economic policies.
  stalins ecnomic plans were based on a cycle called ‘5 year plans’, aka set economic goals that made russia industrialize with the emphasis on producing shit and collectivization of agriculture. one man tolitarian state. socailism in one country.
• Why did the revolution turn into a civil war?

the revolution turned into a civilw ar because the emergence of opposition against the bolshiveks after the rev. (they were the white army but go teventually beat by the red army aka bolshiveks)

Totalitarianism

• What is it?
  political system that prohbits opposition poltical parties, if you say smt aagisnt the gov ur done for. it controls the political sphere and private sphere of society.
• Give an example of this during the Russian Revolution.
  the tsar system, bolshiveks basically when they got there power during the rev.
• How is it implemented (think Dictator’s Handbook)?

multiple ways! the bolshiveks waited for the right time when the government wasn’t doing shit, used propaganda, eliminated possible threats, got power legimtilmeity and did some dirty work.

Government / Economic Systems

• Be able to briefly define and compare the following
  • Fascism - far-right reactionary

far-right, authoritarian, nationalist political ideology that basically had the beliefs of racial purity or a ‘master race’. basically the ideology of hitler. one ruler or small group ruling.

• • Communism - far left, radical left

a type of gov and economic system, gov or whole community owns poperty. everyone shares the wealth they create. this system is bad bc of killing dissidents + socail classes, religous prescution, ethnic cleansing, forced collectivization, use of forced labor in concentration camps. famously ussr and china were under communisum.

• • Democracy - right

what the US has, basically a gov by the people. citizens vote for their officials, and the officials make decisions based on the people.

• • Nazism (National Socialism) - far right

a form of fascism, but specific to nazi germany. the four main princples are racial purity, tettorial expansion, power, and militarism. ofc the main ppl who used were hitler and some austrians

• • Capitalism - captailism

what the US has, when a countrys trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit. though most countries have a mixed economy (not following just one political sysetm)

Interwar Years: 1918-1939

• What economic condition existed that allowed for the rise of Totalitarian Leaders?
  great depression! no money! stock markets down!
• What was appeasement? When was it used? Who was involved (for it/against it)?
  appeasement is basically giving the other side (country) an advantage to avoid further disagreement. it was used a lot. the british used it before ww2 (1930’s) to germany to let them expand more without turning an eye to avoid war.
• What were U.S. goals before they decided to enter the war?
  the US goals before they decided to enter the war, was to keep out of the war!! they wanted to be neutrul with it all and didn’t wanna be invovled. this was not there mess, this was europe’s problem. they wouldn’t sell arms to anyone until they got lenient, and then would only sell arms if u payed on cash and brought your own ships to get some.
• What were the goals of Germany (Hitler) during this time?

hitler wanted to create a generation of young aryans who were physically fit and obedient to programs like hitler youth. he convinced germans that jewish people brought socailism, communisum, and harsh economic times into the country.

World War 2: 1939-1945

• What were the major countries involved?
  the entire world; no ok there was

the allied powers: us, britain, france

the axis powers: germany, italy, japan

• What were conditions like in the pacific theater? What were tactics used by allied forces?
  the conditons in the pacific theater were harsh. it all really started when the japenese hit pearl harbor. they used a triphibious warfare attack, whcih included air, land and sea forces. this became a tactic called island hopping. they would target key islands and equip with air ships, but nto going near heavily defended islands. thus getting closer and closer to japan. they would aslo repeadatly raid down bombs into islands.
• Explain the Holocaust / Final Solution.
  the holocaust/final solution was basically to get rid of all non aryans bc hitler decided they should be balmed for germany’s problems. basically it started by hitler writing stuff, and getting people to hear his ideas, to teaching kids at school about his ideals. then laws against jews and non aryans, till physically hruting them and there property, until concentration camps adn atrocious things.
• What are the historic significances of the Nuremberg Trials.

some of the historic significances of the nuremberg trials was that this turly revealed the war crimes and held the most prominent nazis accoutnable. but also the lcoation was chosen because tha was were many nazi rallies and laws stripping jews of there rights were passed there.

Cold War: 1947-1991

• What countries were involved? Explain how allies turned to enemies.
  mainly us and ussr, but cuba had its run and china was brought into it sometimes. allies turned to enemies during the cursumastances. at first the us and ussr were all chummy but after ww2 they started compepting bc they ahd the biggest economies. so it was basically the us and their allies vs soviets n their allies
• What were less-tense (relaxed) periods during the Cold War referred to?
  detente
• Identify primary players and their impact during the Cold War.
  kennedy: preisdent of the us, was preisdnet when cuban missile crisis happended

eishenhower: president durign korean war

krushev: soviet leader during the cuban missile crisis, also dude in power for most of the cold war

stalin: leader during postwar USSR, oversaw development atomic bomb 1949, leader during korean war

reagan: helped stop the cold war

gorbachev: helped end the cold war and was the last leader till USSR collapse

• Who was involved in NATO? Why was it created?
  US, Canada, Britian, France, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Luxemburg, the netherlands, norway, and portugal. they wanted collective security against the soviets and their satellite states
• What was the Cuban Missile Crisis? (know the who, what, where, when, why)
  who: kennedy and krushchev, castro (us, ussr, and cuba)

what: 13 day confirmation between the two super powers over missiles in cuba (for the us) and missiles in turkey (for the ussr)

where: in the sea? and in both respective countries where missiles were n us +ussr

when: 1962

why: there was sm tension between the two with bombs that necular war ltierally could’ve happedned at any moment.

• What was the Korean War? (know the who, what, where, when, why)
  who: eisehnhower and stalin plus koreans (us and ussr)

what: proxy war between the us and ussr (us with the south and ussr north) basically communisum vs democracy.

where: korea!!

when: 1950-1953

why: north korea wanted to conquer south korea and south korea was like nuhuhhuh, us and ussr wanted to compete to see whos better

• What is the domino theory?

the theory that if one country fell to communism, the others around it would fall too (like dominos)

• What is a proxy war? How did it play into the Cold War?

fighting someone indirecty, using a proxy (sub). basically there was a lto of little wars that the us and ussr used to try and one up each other

China

• Define the Cultural Revolution.
  preserving communism in china, so purging all capatalist and traditional items to preserve communism
• Provide an example of propaganda.

propaganda for mao zedong and improving his image was a big part of propaganda

South Africa

• What was apartheid?
  racial segregation between the blacks and whites in south africa
• Describe some policies during apartheid.
  -prohbition of mixed marriages and public spaces, banning ‘colored’ people from access to certain meetings places, restriction of movement
• Who helped lead to the end of Apartheid?

international pressure, mandela, rallying movements tireslesy pressing onto apartheid

Globalization

• What is it?
  the increasing connectedness and interdependence of world cultures and economies
• Examples?

stock market, social media, transportation, international organizations like the UN and the WHO, information moving so fast from everywhere

Arab – Israeli Conflict

• What was the Balfour Declaration?
  a public statement made by britain announcing its support for the establishment of a home for jewish people in palestine
• What countries and regions are involved in this conflict?
  
• Interpreting a political cartoon and reading charts on the American War on Terror.