Exam Review: Subsistence, Sustainability, and Key Concepts

Subsistence Strategies and Modern Sustainability

Overview of Subsistence Strategies

  • Four Modes of Subsistence: The primary ways human societies have obtained food and resources.

    • Hunting and Gathering (Foraging): The earliest and longest-lasting subsistence strategy.

    • Pastoralism: The herding of domesticated animals.

    • Horticulture: Small-scale farming, typically for the direct consumption of families and local communities.

    • Agriculture: Intensive, large-scale farming characterized by permanent fields, extensive labor, and often the use of machinery or advanced techniques.

  • Historical Prevalence of Hunter-Gatherers: Our species has existed within the hunter-gatherer subsistence strategy for approximately 95%95\% of its history.

Modernity, Sustainability, and Appalachia's Coal Fields

  • Contemporary Relevance: Understanding subsistence and sustainability requires examining modern challenges.

  • Appalachian Coal Fields: Regions in West Virginia and Kentucky (e.g., McDowell, Logan, Mingo, Wyoming counties) where towns historically developed around coal companies.

  • **Origin of

Subsistence Strategies and Modern Sustainability ### Overview of Subsistence Strategies - Four Modes of Subsistence: The primary ways human societies have obtained food and resources.- Hunting and Gathering (Foraging): The earliest and longest-lasting subsistence strategy. - Pastoralism: The herding of domesticated animals. - Horticulture: Small-scale farming, typically for the direct consumption of families and local communities. - Agriculture: Intensive, large-scale farming characterized by permanent fields, extensive labor, and often the use of machinery or advanced techniques. - Historical Prevalence of Hunter-Gatherers: Our species has existed within the hunter-gatherer subsistence strategy for approximately 95%95\% of its history. ### Modernity, Sustainability, and Appalachia's Coal Fields - Contemporary Relevance: Understanding subsistence and sustainability requires examining modern challenges. - Appalachian Coal Fields: Regions in West Virginia and Kentucky (e.g., McDowell, Logan, Mingo, Wyoming counties) where towns historically