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Scantron Instructions

For this $100$-level course, the Scantron is a full-page distributed with the exam. Students must use a number two pencil. Failure to do so, especially using ink, will result in the Scantron not being recognized, potentially leading to no credit for the exam.

To Fill Out:

• Name: Last name first, leave a space, then first name. Black out corresponding letters.
• Student ID Number: Enter the eight digits without a dash. Black out corresponding numbers.

Do Not Fill Out:

• Date of birth.
• Education/grade levels.
• Gender.

Adding unnecessary information like birthdates or grade levels will confuse the grading process.

Learning Goals for Human Fungal Pathogens

This lecture focuses on human fungal pathogens. Key learning objectives include:

• Defining medical mycology and mycosis.
• Understanding early beliefs regarding disease causes.
• Identifying the earliest known fungal disease (not human-specific).
• Recalling disease causes proposed by Varro in $23$ BC and Fracastoro in $1546$ AD, which remain relevant today despite their vague phrasing.
• Knowing the number of fungal species specifically causing human diseases relative to plant diseases.
• Distinguishing between species specifically causing human diseases and those potentially capable of causing human diseases.
• Categorizing and defining the three types of fungal infections.
• Identifying the most common superficial infection and its historical names (Greek and Roman).
• Explaining why human pathogenic fungi that are facultative parasites are more harmful than obligate parasites.
• Understanding why fungal diseases are more challenging to treat than bacterial or viral diseases.
• Identifying the reasons for the recent increase in research on human pathogenic fungi.

Medical Mycology and Mycosis

• Medical Mycology: This is a sub-discipline focused on the study of