Carbohydrates

Monosaccharides

  • Simplest form of sugar

  • Example: glucose

Dissaccharides

  • 2 monosaccharides connected => more energy

  • Example: lactose

Polysaccharides

  • Many monosaccharides connected

  • Insoluble in water

Example: startch

Examples and Sources of Carbohydrates

Examples

Sources

Monosaccharides

  1. Glucose

  2. Fructose

  3. Galactose

  1. Fruit

  2. Honey

  3. Dairy

Disaccharides

  1. Sucrose

  2. Maltose

  3. Lactose

  1. Table sugar

  2. Wheat

  3. Milk

Polysaccharides

  1. Starch

  2. Cellulose

  1. Pasta + cereals

  2. Fibre found in plant cell walls => vegetables

Metabolic role of Carbohydrates

  • Glucose is broken down to release energy in cellular respiration

Structural role of Carbohydrates

  • Cellulose is the main component of plant cell walls

Glycogen

  • Excess carbs are stored as glycogen in muscle and liver cells