MAOR212: Intro to Economic Development 2

Transition into the economic development lecture.
Importance of historical context in understanding contemporary Maori Economic issues, especially for assignments.

Discussed as a case study for settlement claims and iwi structure.
Reflection on who is responsible for addressing Maori development issues today:
- Key players include the Crown, iwi, hapu, community groups, and individuals.

Brief overview of main products cultivated/traded by Maori:
- Mahingakai: Traditional food gathering practices (includes seafood, titi).
- Marakai: Garden-grown food (kai).
Producers and distributors were typically whanau (extended family) or hapu (sub-tribe).
Mention of pounamu (greenstone) as a traded item.
Maori exercised tino rangatiratanga (self-determination) during this time.

Arrival of whalers, sealers, early traders, and missionaries.
Main products during this time included food, tools, and resources.
New trade opportunities emerged; whanau and hapu remained key producers and distributors.
Example products: flax and potatoes.

Discussion of the period post-Treaty signing in 1840 leading to land wars in the 1860s.
Key economic activities included fishing and milling.
Urban centers like Auckland and Nelson emerged as significant markets for Maori products.
Continued emphasis on exercising tino rangatiratanga in trade.
Quote from 2015: Historians highlight the challenges of indigenous economies under capitalism.
- Maori adapted to capitalism while maintaining cooperative elements.

Example of an asset register from Matatua in 1857, including:
- 5,000 pigs, thousands of crops, 43 vessels, 900 canoes, water mills, and horses.
Summary of Maori economy complexity by 1857.

Duane Champagne's points on indigenous reinterpretation of capitalism.
Hazel Petrie's argument about Maori becoming highly commercialized during the settler era.
Discussion on the false narratives of Maori being unproductive.

Description of a Maori economy based on collective capitalism:
- Pooling labor and resources, tribal ownership, and collective decision-making.
Observations of progressive growth in assets and trading success.

Discussion on rapid land-loss images from 1860 to 1939:
- Consequences on the Maori economy and culture.
Shift from Maori providing goods to needing to rely on European economies.
Crown's preemption policy (1840-1865) inhibiting Maori land sales.
Outlined repercussions of land wars and legislation for Maori land acquisition.
By 1939, Maori retained only 1% of the South Island and 9% of the North Island.

Definition of urban migration: Movement of Maori from rural to urban areas.
Post-World War II context:
- Government incentives for migration into urban areas for work.
- Rise of Maori urban population from 10% to 60% between 1940-1963.
Employment in unskilled labor sectors in urban areas, implications for Maori traditions and structures.
Government policies encouraging rural to urban migration for economic recovery post-war.
Education and training schemes facilitated this migration.
Establishment of Maori ball stores to help urban Maori integrate.

Characteristics of jobs held by urban Maori:
- Low wage, minimal career progression, physically demanding labor.
Discussion of structural inequities affecting Maori in urban environments:
- Need for stable employment, financial security, and housing.

Government framework based on the principle of "one nation, one people" aimed at assimilation:
- Risks of erasing Maori culture and identity.
Introduction of policy on pepper potting to encourage integration of Maori families across urban areas.

Examination of benefits and challenges:
- Some Maori thrived in the city, maintained cultural links, while others suffered loss of cultural identity.
Development of urban marae as cultural centers for pan-Maori community interaction.
Disparities and economic inequalities became increasingly evident in urban settings, particularly in poverty-
specific areas.

Importance of addressing economic disparities and fostering positive pathways for future generations.
Students encouraged to reflect on main takeaways.
Look forward to upcoming lectures on contemporary Maori economic development and broader social developments.
Reminder on online quiz details and final session with Maya.