Drugs??

Atropine: Blocks acetylcholine, inhibiting parasympathetic effects.

Pilocarpine: Increases acetylcholine, slowing heart rate.

Epinephrine: Mimics the sympathetic system, increasing heart rate.

Digitalis: Treats CHF by decreasing HR and increasing contraction force; inhibits Na-K pump.

Calcium: High levels cause muscle weakness, arrhythmia, and nerve depression.

Sodium: Excess leads to fluid retention, hypertension, arrhythmia, and heart failure.

Potassium: High levels cause erratic heartbeats and potential cardiac arrest.