Week-3-2

Python Lists

Length of a List: To find the length of a list, use the LEN function.
- Example: LEN([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]) returns 5.
Concatenation of Lists: Use the + sign to concatenate two lists.
- Results in a larger combined list.
Minimum and Maximum Values:
- Use the min() function to find the smallest element in a list. All elements must be of the same type for this function to work.
- Use the max() function to find the largest element.
Homogeneous Lists: Python lists can contain different data types (e.g., integers, strings), but min() and max() require homogeneous elements.
Sum of List Items: sum(list) returns the sum of numeric items in the list.
Index Method: list.index(value) returns the index of the first occurrence of value in the list.
Count Method: list.count(value) gives the number of times value appears in the list.

Initial List of House Prices: Start with a list of house prices.
Appending New Prices: Use list concatenation to add new prices.
Print Number of Prices: Use LEN function to display how many prices are in the list.
- Example Output: "There are 4 prices in the list."
Finding the Lowest Price: Use min() to find the lowest price, e.g., min(house_prices) returns the lowest price.
- Example Output: "The most affordable house is for sale at $225,000."
Closing Costs: Define additional costs in a list and calculate total costs by summing house price and closing costs.
- Example: total_cost = lowest_cost + sum(closing_costs).
Print Total Cost: Ensure to convert final result to an integer for clarity.

Lists of Scores: Contains midterm and final exam scores.
Concatenation: Combine midterm and final scores into a single list.
Counting Scores with LEN: Use LEN to count and print the number of scores for both midterm and final exams.
Calculation of Dropped Students: Subtract the number of final exam scores from midterm scores to find the number of students who dropped.
- Example output: "Number of students who dropped: X."
Finding Minimum and Maximum Final Scores:
- Use min(final_scores) to find the lowest score.
- Use max(final_scores) to find the highest score.
Range Printing: Use formatted strings to print the range of final scores.

Definition: A tuple is a sequence type resembling a list, but defined with parentheses.
Immutability: Once a tuple is defined, it cannot be modified (immutable).
Accessing Elements: Use indexing, e.g., tuple[index].
Examples: Define a tuple for coordinates, e.g., coordinates = (lat, long).

Definition: A named tuple is a subclass of tuples with named fields.
Creation: Import from collections, define with attributes (e.g., Car: make, model, price).
Accessing Fields: Access attributes by specifying the tuple name followed by the attribute name.

Definition: An unordered collection of unique elements.
Creation: Sets can be created using curly braces or the set() function.
Adding Elements: Use the add() method, which ignores duplicates.
Removing Elements: The remove() method deletes specified elements, raising an error if not found.
Empty Set: Could only be created using set().

Union: Combines sets, eliminating duplicates.
- Example: set1.union(set2).
Intersection: Finds common elements between sets.
- Example: set1.intersection(set3).
Difference: Removes elements from one set that exist in another.
- Example: set1.difference(set4).

Definition: A collection of key-value pairs defined within curly braces.
Accessing Values: Use dict[key] to access the value associated with a key.
Modifying Values: Update values by reassigning using dict[key] = new_value.
Deleting Items: Use del dict[key] to remove a key-value pair from the dictionary.

Definition: Binary uses two digits (0 and 1) for representation.
Decimal to Binary Interpretation: Understand positional weight in binary, converting between the two numerical systems.
- Example: A binary number has a weight based on its position, similar to decimal.
Example of Conversion: Convert 1101 binary to decimal by evaluating positional weights.