AP Stats chp 5 flashcards

Q: What is probability?
A: Probability is a number between 0 and 1 that describes the proportion of times an outcome would occur in a very long series of repetitions.
Q: What does it mean for an event to be "random"?
A: A random event is unpredictable in the short run but has a regular and predictable pattern in the long run.
Q: What is a probability model?
A: A probability model consists of a sample space (S) and a way of assigning probabilities to events.
Q: What is the complement rule?
A: The probability that an event does not occur is 1 minus the probability that it does occur (P(A^c) = 1 - P(A)).
Q: What is the addition rule for mutually exclusive events?
A: If two events A and B are mutually exclusive, then P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B).
Q: How can a two-way table help in probability?
A: A two-way table organizes data to help calculate probabilities involving two events.
Q: What is conditional probability?
A: Conditional probability is the probability of one event occurring given that another event has already occurred (P(A|B) = P(A and B) / P(B)).
Q: What does it mean for two events to be independent?
A: Two events A and B are independent if knowing that one event occurs does not change the probability of the other occurring (P(A|B) = P(A)).
Q: What is the general multiplication rule?
A: P(A and B) = P(A) * P(B|A), which applies to any two events, independent or not.
Q: How can a tree diagram help in probability?
A: A tree diagram helps model a sequence of outcomes and their probabilities, making it easier to calculate complex probabilities.
Q: What is the law of large numbers?
A: The law of large numbers states that as the number of trials increases, the relative frequency of an event approaches the true probability of that event.
Q: What is the difference between theoretical and experimental probability?
A: Theoretical probability is based on known mathematical principles, while experimental probability is based on actual trials or experiments.
Q: What is a sample space?
A: A sample space (S) is the set of all possible outcomes of a probability experiment.
Q: What is the difference between disjoint and independent events?
A: Disjoint events cannot occur together, while independent events do not affect each other's probability.
Q: What is Bayes' Theorem?
A: Bayes' Theorem is used to find the probability of an event based on prior knowledge of conditions that might affect the event.