Comprehensive Academic Word List Study Guide

Academic Word List - Group 1

• Analysis: (Sự phân tích) The detailed examination of anything complex in order to understand its nature or to determine its essential features.

  • Example 1: Chemical analysis of the woman’s dress revealed traces of blood.
  • Example 2: The book is an analysis of poverty and its causes.
  • Example 3: At the meeting they presented a detailed analysis of twelve schools.
  • Word Family: analyse / analyze, analyst, analytic (isolating), analytical, analytically.

• Approach: (Phương pháp, tiếp cận) A way of dealing with something.

  • Example 1: We need to adopt a different approach to the problem.
  • Example 2: What's the best way of approaching this problem?
  • Word Family: approachable, unapproachable.

• Area: (Phạm vi hiểu biết, chuyên môn) A particular subject or range of activities.

  • Example: Software is not really my area of expertise.

• Assess: (Đánh giá) To judge or decide the amount, value, quality, or importance of something.

  • Example 1: The tests are designed to assess a child's reading skills.
  • Example 2: It's difficult to assess the effects of these changes.
  • Example 3: Interviews allow you to assess the suitability of candidates.
  • Word Family: assessable, assessment, reassess, reassessment.

• Assume: (Cho rằng, giả định) To accept something to be true without proof.

  • Example 1: Everything was quiet when I got home so I assumed that you had gone out.
  • Example 2: Let us assume for a moment that the plan succeeds.
  • Example 3: She would, he assumed, be home at the usual time.
  • Example 4: In this example we have assumed a unit price of $10$.
  • Example 5: I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
  • Word Family: assumed, assuming, assumption.

• Authority: (Chuyên gia) A person with special knowledge.

  • Example: She is an authority on seventeenth-century English literature.
  • Word Family: authoritative, authoritatively.

• Available: (Có thể mua được, sử dụng được) Able to be bought or used.

  • Example 1: This information is available free on the Internet.
  • Example 2: The new drug is not yet available to the public.
  • Example 3: When will the information be made available?
  • Example 4: We'll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available.
  • Word Family: availability, unavailability, unavailable.

• Benefit: (Lợi thế, lợi ích) A helpful or good effect.

  • Example 1: He couldn't see the benefit of arguing any longer.
  • Example 2: I had the benefit of a good education.
  • Example 3: For maximum benefit, take the tablets before meals.
  • Word Family: beneficial, beneficiary.

• Concept: (Khái niệm) An abstract idea.

  • Example 1: He can't grasp the basic concepts of mathematics.
  • Example 2: Concepts such as ‘civilization’ and ‘government’.
  • Word Family: conception, conceptual, conceptualize, conceptually.

• Consist: (Bao gồm, gồm có) To be made of or formed from.

  • Example 1 (Chứa đựng): A dessert consisting of fruit and cream.
  • Example 2 (Chính): The beauty of the city consists in its magnificent buildings.
  • Word Family: consistency / inconsistency, consistent / inconsistent, consistently / inconsistently.

• Constitute: (~establish, set up - Thiết lập, thành lập) To form or make up.

  • Example: The committee was constituted in $1974$ by an Act of Parliament.
  • Word Family: constituency, constituent, constitution, constitutional / unconstitutional, constitutionally / unconstitutionally, constitutive.

• Context: (Trong hoàn cảnh) The situation within which something happens.

  • Example 1: This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the $1960\text{s}$.
  • Example 2: His decision can only be understood in context.
  • Word Family: contextual, contextualization, contextualize, contextually.

• Contract: (Hợp đồng)

  • Word Family: contractor.

• Create: (Tạo ra, gây nên) To make something new.

  • Example 1: The snow created further problems.
  • Example 2: Scientists disagree about how the universe was created.
  • Example 3: The government plans to create more jobs for young people.
  • Word Family: creation / recreation, creative, creatively, creativity, creator, recreate.

• Data: (Thông tin)

• Define: (Chắc chắn, xác định) To say what the meaning of something is.

  • Example 1: I've heard rumours, but nothing definite.
  • Example 2: Your duties are clearly defined in the contract.
  • Example 3: Can you define what it means to be an American?
  • Word Family: definable, definition, redefine, redefinition, undefined.

• Derive: (Nhận được, lấy được từ… tìm thấy nguồn gốc từ) To get something from something else.

  • Example 1: The name derives from Latin.
  • Example 2: The word ‘politics’ is derived from a Greek word meaning ‘city’.
  • Example 3: He derived great pleasure from painting.
  • Word Family: derivation, derivative.

• Distribute: (Phân phối, phân phát) To give something out to several people.

  • Example: The organization distributed food to the earthquake victims.
  • Word Family: distribution, distributional, distributive, distributor, redistribute, redistribution, redistributive.

• Economic: (Thuộc kinh tế)

  • Example: The economy is in recession.
  • Word Family: economical, economically, economics, economist, economy, uneconomic, uneconomical.

• Environment: (Môi trường)

  • Example: An unhappy home environment can affect a child's behaviour.
  • Word Family: environmental, environmentalism, environmentalist, environmentally.

• Establish: (Thành lập, thiết lập, củng cố)

  • Example 1: The committee was established in $1912$.
  • Example 2: Let's establish some ground rules.
  • Word Family: established / disestablish, establishment / disestablishment.

• Estimate: (Định giá, đánh giá, ước lượng)

  • Example 1: I can give you a rough estimate of the amount of wood you will need.
  • Example 2: Official government estimates of traffic growth over the next decade.
  • Word Family: estimation, overestimate, overestimation, underestimate.

• Evident: (Hiển nhiên, rõ ràng - ~obvious)

  • Example 1: It was evident from his voice that he was upset.
  • Example 2: The growing interest in history is clearly evident in the number of people visiting museums and country houses.
  • Word Family: evidence, evidential, evidently.

• Export: (Xuất khẩu)

  • Example: $90\%$ of the engines are exported to Europe.
  • Word Family: exporter.

• Factor: (Nhân tố, yếu tố)

  • Example: The result will depend on a number of different factors.

• Finance: (Tài chính, tiền bạc)

  • Example: Finance for education comes from taxpayers.
  • Word Family: financial, financially, financier.

• Formula: (Công thức)

  • Word Family: formulate / reformulate, formulation / reformulation.

• Function: (Chức năng)

  • Example: The function of the heart is to pump blood through the body.
  • Word Family: functional, functionally.

• Identify: (Nhận ra, nhận diện - ID)

  • Example 1: She was able to identify her attacker.
  • Example 2: Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (would not say who they were).
  • Example 3: The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver.
  • Word Family: identifiable, identification.

• Income: (Thu nhập)

  • Example: They receive a proportion of their income from the sale of goods and services.

• Indicate: (~show, point - Chỉ ra, biểu lộ)

  • Example 1: The signpost indicated the right road for us to follow.
  • Example 2: Research indicates that eating habits are changing fast.
  • Word Family: indication, indicative, indicator (=blinker).

• Individual: (Riêng lẻ, riêng biệt)

  • Example: We interviewed each individual member of the community.
  • Word Family: individualism, individualist, individualistic, individuality, individually.

• Interpret: (Giải thích, làm sáng tỏ)

  • Example: The students were asked to interpret the poem.
  • Word Family: interpretable, interpretation, interpretative, interpretive, misinterpret, misinterpretation, reinterpret, reinterpretation.

• Involve: (~entail - Bao gồm, dính dáng đến)

  • Example 1: The test will involve answering questions about a photograph.
  • Example 2: The job involves my travelling all over the country.
  • Example 3: Many of the crimes involved drugs.
  • Word Family: involved, involvement, uninvolved.

• Issue: (Vấn đề)

  • Example: This is a big issue; we need more time to think about it.
  • Word Family: issuer.

• Labour: (Lao động chân tay)

  • Example: The company wants to keep down labour costs.
  • Word Family: labor (US spelling).

• Legal: (Hợp pháp)

  • Example: They are currently facing a long legal battle in the US courts.
  • Word Family: legality, legally, illegal, illegality, illegally.

• Legislate: (Lập pháp)

  • Example: The government will legislate against discrimination in the workplace.
  • Word Family: legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature.

• Major: (Most of/most, serious, huge, >big)

  • Example: We have encountered major problems.
  • Word Family: majority.

• Method: (Phương pháp, cách thức)

  • Example: A new method of solving the problem.
  • Word Family: methodical, methodically, methodological, methodologically, methodology.

• Occur: (~happen - Xảy ra, xảy đến đột ngột)

  • Example 1: Something unexpected occurred.
  • Example 2: According to the police, the shooting occurred at about $12:30\,\text{a.m.}$.
  • Word Family: occurrence, reoccur.

• Per cent: (Phần trăm)

  • Example: Poor families spend about $80 \text{ to } 90\%$ of their income on food.
  • Word Family: percentage.

• Period: (Giai đoạn, khoảng thời gian)

  • Example: The factory will be closed down over a $2\text{-year}$ period.
  • Word Family: periodic, periodical, periodically.

• Policy: (Chính sách, đường lối hành động - Government/Party/State).

  • Example: They have had a significant change in policy on paternity leave.

• Principle: (Nguyên tắc)

  • Example 1: I refuse to lie about it; it's against my principles.
  • Example 2: Stick to your principles and tell him you won't do it.
  • Word Family: principled, unprincipled.

• Proceed: (=continue, go on - Tiếp tục, tiến hành, tiến trình)

  • Example 1: We're not sure whether we still want to proceed with the sale.
  • Example 2: She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing trip.
  • Example 3: He outlined his plans and then proceeded to explain them in more detail.
  • Example 4: Work is proceeding slowly.
  • Word Family: procedural, procedure, proceeding, proceeds.

• Process: (Quá trình, sự tiến triển)

  • Example: We're in the process of selling our house.
  • Word Family: processing.

• Require: (~need - Đòi hỏi, yêu cầu)

  • Example 1: What do you require of me?
  • Example 2: True marriage requires us to show trust and loyalty.
  • Example 3: Lentils do not require soaking before cooking.
  • Word Family: requirement.

• Research: (Nghiên cứu)

  • Example 1: To research into the causes of cancer.
  • Example 2: I've done some research to find out the cheapest way of travelling there.
  • Word Family: researcher.

• Respond: (Đáp lại, hưởng ứng)

  • Example: When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic.
  • Word Family: respondent, response, responsive, responsively, responsiveness, unresponsive.

• Role: (Vai trò)

  • Example 1: It is one of the greatest roles she has played.
  • Example 2: The role of the teacher in the classroom.
  • Example 3: This part of the brain plays an important role in learning.

• Section: (Phần cắt ra)

  • Example: The library has a large biology section.

• Sector: (Area, zone - Khu vực kinh tế, kỹ thuật)

  • Example: The manufacturing sector.

• Significant: (Quan trọng, trọng đại, đầy ý nghĩa)

  • Example 1: It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys.
  • Example 2: There are no significant differences between the two groups of students.
  • Example 3: Your work has shown a significant improvement.
  • Word Family: significance, significantly, signify, insignificance, insignificant, insignificantly.

• Similar: (Tương tự)

  • Example 1: My teaching style is similar to that of most other teachers.
  • Example 2: The two houses are similar in size.
  • Example 3: The brothers look very similar.
  • Word Family: similarity, similarly.

• Source: (Nguồn, nguồn gốc)

  • Example: Your local library will be a useful source of information.

• Specific: (Dứt khoát, rõ ràng, chi tiết, chính xác)

  • Example 1: I gave you specific instructions.
  • Example 2: ‘I'd like your help tomorrow.’ ‘Can you be more specific?’
  • Example 3: A specific purpose/reason.
  • Example 4: Could we arrange a specific time to meet?
  • Word Family: specifically, specification, specificity, specifics, unidentifiable.

• Structure: (Cấu trúc)

  • Example: The grammatical structures of a language.
  • Word Family: structural, structurally, restructuring, restructure, unstructured.

• Theory: (Giả định, học thuyết)

  • Example: I have this theory that most people prefer being at work to being at home.
  • Word Family: theoretical, theoretically, theoretician, theorist.

• Vary: (Thay đổi mức độ nhỏ)

  • Example 1: The menu varies with the season.
  • Example 2: Class numbers vary between $25$ and $30$.
  • Example 3: ‘What time do you start work?’ ‘It varies.’
  • Example 4: The aerobics instructor varies the routine each week.
  • Word Family: variability, variable, variably, variance, variant, variation, varied, invariable, invariably.

Academic Word List - Group 2

• Achieve: (~accomplish - Thành công)

  • Example: Their background gives them little chance of achieving at school.
  • Word Family: achievable, achievement.

• Acquire: (Thu được, đạt được)

  • Example 1: She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
  • Example 2: How long will it take to acquire the necessary skills?
  • Example 3: He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.
  • Example 4: The company has just acquired new premises.
  • Word Family: acquisition.

• Administration: (~managing - Sự quản lý, cai trị)

  • Example 1: She has little experience in administration (organizing a business).
  • Example 2: Teachers complain that more of their time is taken up with administration than with teaching.
  • Word Family: admin, administrative, administratively, administrator.

• Affect: (Ảnh hưởng đến, tác động đến)

  • Example 1: Your opinion will not affect my decision.
  • Example 2: It's a disease which affects many older people.
  • Example 3: How will these changes affect us?
  • Word Family: affective, affectively, unaffected.

• Appropriate: (~suitable - Phù hợp)

  • Example 1 (Jeans): Jeans are not appropriate for a formal party.
  • Example 2 (Book style): The book was written in a style appropriate to the age of the children.
  • Word Family: appropriacy / inappropriacy, appropriately, appropriateness, inappropriate, inappropriately, inappropriateness.

• Aspect: (Khía cạnh)

  • Example 1: She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect.
  • Example 2: The book aims to cover all aspects of city life.

• Assist: (~help - Giúp đỡ)

  • Example 1: We'll do all we can to assist you.
  • Example 2: We will assist you in finding somewhere to live.
  • Example 3: We are looking for people who would be willing to assist in the group's work.
  • Word Family: assistance, assistant, unassisted (=aided).

• Category: (Nhóm)

  • Example: The results can be divided into three main categories.
  • Word Family: categorization, categorize.

• Chapter: (Chương sách)

• Commission: (Mệnh lệnh)

  • Example: The government has set up a commission of inquiry into the disturbances at the prison.
  • Word Family: commissioner (=police commissioner).

• Community: (Phường, hội)

  • Example 1: The local community was shocked by the murders.
  • Example 2 (Health workers): Health workers based in the community.

• Complex: (~complicated - Phức tạp)

  • Example 1: A complex argument/problem/subject.
  • Example 2: The complex structure of the human brain.
  • Word Family: complexity.

• Compute: (Ước tính)

  • Example: The losses were computed at $£5\,\text{million}$.
  • Word Family: computable, computation, computational, computer, computing.

• Conclude: (~end - Kết thúc)

  • Example 1: The programme concluded with Stravinsky's ‘Rite of Spring’.
  • Example 2: He concluded by wishing everyone a safe trip home.
  • Example 3: She concluded her speech with a quotation from Shakespeare.
  • Example 4: The concert concluded with a firework display.
  • Example 5: I would like to conclude by thanking you all for attending.
  • Word Family: conclusion, conclusive / inconclusive, conclusively / inconclusively.

• Conduct: (Tiến hành, tổ chức)

  • Example 1: They conducted a vigorous campaign.
  • Example 2: To conduct an experiment/an inquiry/a survey.

• Consequence: (~result - Kết quả)

  • Example 1: To suffer/face/take the consequences of your actions.
  • Example 2: This decision could have serious consequences for the industry.
  • Example 3: Two hundred people lost their jobs as a direct consequence of the merger.
  • Word Family: consequent, consequently.

• Construct: (~build - Xây dựng)

  • Example 1: When was the bridge constructed?
  • Example 2: They constructed a shelter out of fallen branches.
  • Example 3: The building was constructed in $1930$.
  • Word Family: construction / reconstruction, constructive, constructively, reconstruct.

• Consumer: (Khách hàng)

  • Example: Health-conscious consumers want more information about the food they buy.
  • Word Family: consume, consumption.

• Credit: (Sự khen ngợi)

  • Example: I can't take all the credit for the show's success—it was a team effort.
  • Word Family: creditor.

• Culture: (Thuộc văn hóa)

  • Example: Cultural differences between the two communities.
  • Word Family: cultural, culturally, cultured, uncultured.

• Design: (Phác thảo, thiết kế)

  • Example 1: The magazine will appear in a new design from next month.
  • Example 2: There was a fault in the design of the aircraft.
  • Example 3: The machine's unique design prevents it from overheating.
  • Word Family: designer.

• Distinct: (~different - Khác biệt)

  • Example 1: The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.
  • Example 2: Jamaican reggae music is quite distinct from North American jazz or blues.
  • Example 3: This word has three distinct meanings.
  • Word Family: distinction / indistinct, distinctive / distinctively, distinctly / indistinctly, distinctness.

• Element: (Yếu tố)

  • Example: Cost was a key element in our decision.

• Equate: (Coi ngang, ngang với)

  • Example 1: Many people equate wealth with happiness.
  • Example 2: I don't see how you can equate the two things.
  • Word Family: equation.

• Evaluate: (~assess - Đánh giá, ước lượng)

  • Example 1: We need to evaluate how well the policy is working.
  • Example 2: Our research attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the different drugs.
  • Word Family: evaluation / re-evaluation, evaluative, re-evaluate.

• Feature: (Nét đặc trưng, tính năng riêng)

  • Example 1: An interesting feature of the city is the old market.
  • Example 2: Which features do you look for when choosing a car?

• Final: (Cuối cùng)

  • Example: They find each other in the final chapter of the book.
  • Word Family: finality, finalization, finalize, finally.

• Focus: (Tập trung into something)

  • Word Family: refocus.

• Impact: (Tác động, ảnh hưởng)

  • Example 1: Her speech made a profound impact on everyone.
  • Example 2: Latino singers have had a major impact on pop music this year.

• Injury: (Chấn thương)

  • Example: There were no injuries in the crash.
  • Word Family: injure, injured, uninjured.

• Institute: (Viện, Học viện)

  • Word Family: institution, institutional, institutionalization, institutionalize, institutionalized, institutionally.

• Invest: (Đầu tư)

  • Example: Now is a good time to invest in the property market.
  • Word Family: investment, investor, reinvest, reinvestment.

• Item: (Đồ, vật)

  • Example: Can I pay for each item separately?
  • Word Family: itemize.

• Journal: (~newspaper, magazine - Báo, tạp chí)

• Maintain: (~keep, preserve - Giữ gìn)

  • Example 1: The two countries have always maintained close relations.
  • Example 2: To maintain law and order/standards/a balance.
  • Example 3: The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region.
  • Word Family: maintenance.

• Normal: (Bình thường)

  • Example 1: It's normal to feel tired after such a long trip.
  • Example 2: It's perfectly normal to feel some degree of stress at work.
  • Example 3: That's a fairly normal weight for someone of your height.
  • Example 4: Now that trains are running again things are back to normal.
  • Example 5: He should be able to lead a perfectly normal life.
  • Word Family: normalcy, normality, normalization, normalize, normally / abnormally, abnormal.

• Obtain: (~get - Lấy được)

  • Example 1: I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
  • Example 2: He obtained a law degree from the University of California.
  • Word Family: obtainable / unobtainable.

• Participate: (~take part in - Tham gia)

  • Example: She didn't participate in the discussion.
  • Word Family: participant, participation, participatory.

• Perceive: (Hiểu - understand / Trông thấy - see / Nhận thức, nhận thấy)

  • Example 1: She did not perceive herself as disabled.
  • Example 2: I perceived a change in his behaviour.
  • Example 3: The patient was perceived to have difficulty in breathing.
  • Word Family: perception.

• Positive: (Tự tin, đầy hy vọng)

  • Example 1: A positive attitude/outlook.
  • Example 2: She tried to be more positive about her new job.
  • Example 3: On the positive side, profits have increased.
  • Word Family: positively.

• Potential: (Tiềm tàng, tiềm năng)

  • Example 1: A potential danger/threat.
  • Example 2: A potential customer.
  • Example 3: A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the building.
  • Word Family: potentially.

• Previous: (~prior, before - Trước)

  • Example 1: No previous experience is necessary.
  • Example 2: The car has only had one previous owner.
  • Example 3: She is his daughter from a previous marriage.
  • Word Family: previously, previous to.

• Primary: (~prime, main, most important, basic - Chính)

  • Example 1: The primary aim of this course is to improve your spoken English.
  • Example 2: Her primary responsibility is to train new employees.
  • Example 3: Our primary concern must be the children.
  • Example 4: Good health care is of primary importance.
  • Word Family: primarily.

• Purchase: (Sự mua bán)

  • Example 1: Make a purchase (buy something).
  • Example 2: Keep your receipt as proof of purchase.
  • Word Family: purchaser, purchasing.

• Range: (Nhiều loại - variety)

  • Example 1: A range of colours/patterns.
  • Example 2: There is a full range of activities for children.
  • Example 3: The hotel offers a wide range of facilities.
  • Example 4: We discussed a wide range of subjects.

• Region: (Vùng miền)

  • Example: People in the regions should not have to travel to London.
  • Word Family: regional, regionally.

• Regulate: (Chỉnh đốn, quy định)

  • Example 1: The activities of credit companies are regulated by law.
  • Example 2: Laws regulating advertising.
  • Example 3: Babies find it difficult to regulate their body temperature.
  • Example 4: It is up to the regulating authority to put the measures into effect.
  • Word Family: regulation, regulator, regulatory, deregulate, deregulation, deregulatory, unregulated.

• Relevant: (+to - Liên quan)

  • Example 1: Education should be relevant to children's needs.
  • Example 2: A relevant suggestion/question/point.
  • Example 3: Do you have the relevant experience?
  • Example 4: Send me all the relevant information.
  • Word Family: irrelevance, irrelevancy, irrelevant, irrelevantly, relevance, relevantly.

• Reside: (~live - Cư trú)

  • Example 1: He returned to Britain in $1939$, having resided abroad for many years.
  • Example 2: Their passports do not give them the right to reside in Britain.
  • Word Family: residence, residency, resident, residential.

• Resource: (Tài nguyên)

  • Example 1: The exploitation of minerals and other natural resources.
  • Example 2: We do not have the resources (money) to update our software.
  • Word Family: resourceful, resourcefully, resourcefulness, under-resourced.

• Restrict: (~limit - Hạn chế)

  • Example 1: Restrict something to something.
  • Example 2: Speed is restricted to $30\,\text{mph}$ in towns.
  • Example 3: We restrict the number of students per class to $10$.
  • Word Family: restricted, restriction, restrictive, restrictively, unrestricted.

• Secure: (Chắc chắn, bảo đảm, an toàn)

  • Example 1: It's not a very secure way to make a living.
  • Example 2: The future of the company looks secure.
  • Example 3: The building is secure against intruders.
  • Word Family: securely, security, insecure, insecurely, insecurity.

• Seek: (~find, looking for - Tìm kiếm)

  • Example 1: Highly qualified secretary seeks employment.
  • Example 2: They sought in vain for somewhere to shelter.
  • Word Family: sought (past).

• Select: (~choose - Chọn)

  • Example: He hasn't been selected for the team.
  • Word Family: selection, selective, selectively, selectivity, selector.

• Site: (Vùng đất xây dựng)

  • Example: A site has been chosen for the new school.

• Strategy: (Chiến lược)

  • Example: It's all part of an overall strategy to gain promotion.
  • Word Family: strategic, strategical, strategically, strategist.

• Survey: (Khảo sát)

  • Example: A recent survey showed $75\%$ of those questioned were in favour of the plan.
  • Example 2: Carry out a survey.

• Text: (Chữ, văn bản)

  • Example: Highlight the area of text on screen.
  • Word Family: textual.

• Tradition: (Truyền thống)

  • Example: The company has a long tradition of fine design.
  • Word Family: traditional, traditionalist, traditionally, non-traditional.

• Transfer: (Di chuyển, sự di chuyển)

  • Example: How can I transfer money from my bank account to his?
  • Word Family: transferability, transferable, transference.

Academic Word List - Group 3

• Alternative: (Sự lựa chọn)

  • Example: You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly; those are the two alternatives.
  • Word Family: alternatively.

• Circumstance: (Hoàn cảnh, trường hợp, tình huống)

  • Example: We were simply thrown together by circumstance on the long journey.

• Comment: (Lời nhận xét, lời bình)

  • Example: She made helpful comments on my work.
  • Word Family: commentary, commentator.

• Compensate: (Bồi thường)

  • Example: Her lawyers say she should be compensated for the suffering she had been caused.
  • Word Family: compensation, compensatory.

• Component: (Thành phần)

  • Example 1: Key components of the government's plan are…
  • Example 2: Trust is a vital component in any relationship.

• Consent: (Permission, agreement - Sự đồng ý)

  • Example: He is charged with taking a car without the owner's consent.
  • Word Family: consensus.

• Considerable: (~significant - Đáng kể, lớn lao)

  • Example 1 (Wasted time): The project wasted a considerable amount of time and money.
  • Example 2: The damage has been considerable.
  • Example 3 (Medical): Considerable progress has been made in finding a cure.
  • Word Family: considerably.

• Constant: (Thường xuyên, kiên trì, chung thủy)

  • Example 1: Babies need constant attention.
  • Example 2: This entrance is in constant use.
  • Example 3: She's in constant pain.
  • Word Family: constancy, constantly, inconstancy, inconstant.

• Constrain: (Bắt ép)

  • Example 1: She felt constrained from continuing by the threat of losing her job.
  • Example 2: To constrain someone to do something.
  • Example 3: I'm constrained by decisions made in the past.
  • Example 4: The company said that it was constrained to raise prices.
  • Word Family: constraint, unconstrained.

• Contribute: (Đóng góp, góp phần)

  • Example: We contributed $£5000$ to the earthquake fund.
  • Word Family: contribution, contributor.

• Conventional: (Tính truyền thống)

  • Example: It's not a hotel, in the conventional sense, but rather a whole village turned into a hotel.
  • Word Family: convene, convention, conventionality, conventionally, unconventional, unconventionality, unconventionally.

• Coordinate: (Sự phối hợp, hợp tác)

  • Example: A pamphlet produced by the government in coordination with the Sports Council.
  • Word Family: coordination, coordinator.

• Core: (Nhân, lõi, nòng cốt)

  • Example: Concern for the environment is at the core of our policies.

• Corporate: (Thuộc tổ chức)

  • Example: Corporate finance/planning/strategy.
  • Word Family: corporation.

• Corresponding: (Tương ứng, đối với)

  • Example 1 (Finance): A change in the money supply brings a corresponding change in expenditure.
  • Example 2: Profits have risen by $15\%$ compared with the corresponding period last year.
  • Word Family: correspond, correspondence, correspondingly.

• Criteria: (Tiêu chuẩn)

  • Example: What criteria are used for assessing a student's ability?

• Deduce: (~infer - Suy luận, suy diễn)

  • Example 1: From the contents of his shopping basket, I deduced that he was single.
  • Example 2: We can deduce a lot from what people choose to buy.
  • Word Family: deducible, deduction.

• Demonstrate: (Chứng minh, giải thích - show)

  • Example 1: Let me demonstrate to you some of the difficulties we are facing.
  • Example 2: The theories were demonstrated to be false.
  • Example 3: These problems demonstrate the importance of planning.
  • Example 4: She demonstrated how to use the new software.
  • Word Family: demo, demonstrable, demonstrably, demonstration, demonstrative, demonstratively, demonstrator.

• Document: (Tư liệu in trên giấy)

  • Word Family: documentation.

• Dominant: (Mạnh nhất, quan trọng nhất, đáng lưu ý nhất)

  • Example: The dominant feature of the room was the large fireplace.
  • Word Family: dominance, dominate, domination.

• Emphasis: (~stress - Tầm quan trọng)

  • Example 1: The emphasis is very much on learning the spoken language.
  • Example 2: Schools are starting to place/put greater emphasis on passing exams.
  • Example 3: We provide all types of information, with an emphasis on legal advice.
  • Word Family: emphasize, emphatic, emphatically.

• Ensure: (Bảo đảm, bảo hiểm)

  • Example: Victory ensured them a place in the final.

• Exclude: (Ngăn chặn, loại trừ)

  • Example 1: Try excluding fat from your diet.
  • Example 2: Buses run every hour, Sundays excluded.
  • Example 3: Women are still excluded from the club.
  • Word Family: excluding, exclusion, exclusionary, exclusive, exclusively, exclusiveness.

• Framework: (Khuôn khổ)

  • Example: We are currently exploring new approaches within existing frameworks.

• Fund: (Quỹ)

  • Word Family: funder, funding.

• Illustrate: (Minh họa)

  • Example 1: An illustrated children's book.
  • Example 2: His lecture was illustrated with photos taken during the expedition.
  • Example 3: This new discovery illustrates how little we know about early human history.
  • Word Family: illustration, illustrative.

• Immigrate: (Nhập cư)

  • Example: About $6.6\,\text{million}$ people immigrated to the United States in the $1970\text{s}$.
  • Word Family: immigrant, immigration, immigration control.

• Imply: (Ngụ ý)

  • Example 1: Are you implying (that) I am wrong?
  • Example 2: His silence seemed to imply agreement.
  • Example 3: It was implied that we were at fault.
  • Example 4: An implied criticism (ngụ ý chỉ trích).

• Initial: (Đầu tiên, ban đầu)

  • Example 1: In the initial stages of the campaign.
  • Example 2: My initial reaction was to decline the offer.
  • Example 3: Initially, the system worked well.
  • Word Family: initially.

• Instance: (Ví dụ)

  • Example 1: In most instances, there will be no need for further treatment.
  • Example 2: Many teenagers earn money, for instance by babysitting or cleaning cars.
  • Example 3: The report highlights a number of instances of injustice.

• Interaction: (Giao tiếp)

  • Example 1: Our work involves a lot of interaction with the customers.
  • Example 2: The only thing he interacts with is his computer!
  • Example 3: Teachers have a limited amount of time to interact with each child.
  • Word Family: interact, interactive, interactively, interactivity.

• Justification: (Biện minh)

  • Example 1: I can see no possible justification for further tax increases.
  • Example 2: There's no justification for treating her so badly.
  • Word Family: justifiable, justifiably, justified, justify, unjustified.

• Layer: (Sắp lớp)

  • Example: The potatoes are layered with onion.

• Link: (Mắt xích, sự kết nối)

  • Example: Police suspect there may be a link between the two murders.
  • Word Family: linkage.

• Locate: (~site - Tọa lạc, đặt vị trí)

  • Example: They located their headquarters in Swindon.
  • Word Family: located, location, relocate, relocation.

• Maximise: (~maximize - Tối đa hóa)

  • Word Family: max, maximization, maximum.

• Minor: (Nhỏ, không quan trọng - >< large)

  • Example: Women played a relatively minor role in the organization.
  • Word Family: minority.

• Negative: (~bad, harmful - Xấu, gây hại)

  • Example 1: Terrorist threats have had a very negative impact on tourism.
  • Example 2: The crisis had a negative effect on trade.
  • Example 3: The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative.
  • Word Family: negate, negatively.

• Outcome: (Kết luận, kết quả)

  • Example 1: We are waiting to hear the final outcome of the negotiations.
  • Example 2: We are confident of a successful outcome.

• Partnership: (Quan hệ đồng nghiệp)

  • Example: He developed his own program in partnership with an American expert.
  • Word Family: partner.

• Philosophy: (Triết học)

  • Word Family: philosopher, philosophic, philosophical, philosophically, philosophize, philosophizing.

• Physical: (Thể chất - adj)

  • Example: He tends to avoid all physical contact.
  • Word Family: physically.

• Proportion: (Phần, tỉ lệ)

  • Example 1: Water covers a large proportion of the earth's surface.
  • Example 2: The proportion of regular smokers increases with age.
  • Example 3: A higher proportion of Americans go on to higher education.
  • Example 4: Children make up a large proportion of the world's population.
  • Word Family: proportional, proportionally, proportionate, proportionately, disproportion, disproportionate, disproportionately.

• Published: (Xuất bản)

  • Example: The first edition was published in $2007$.
  • Word Family: publisher, publishing, unpublished.

• Reaction: (Phản ứng)

  • Example 1: What was his reaction to the news?
  • Example 2: People can react badly to certain food additives.
  • Word Family: react, reactionary, reactivate, reactivation, reactive, reactor (e.g., nuclear reactor).

• Registered: (Đã được đăng kí)

  • Example: The ship was registered in Panama.
  • Word Family: registration.

• Rely: (Tin tưởng, dựa vào +on / upon)

  • Example: These days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
  • Word Family: reliability, reliable, reliably, reliance, reliant, unreliability, unreliable.

• Remove: (Dời, di chuyển, đuổi, xóa)

  • Example 1: He removed his hand from her shoulder.
  • Example 2: Three children were removed from the school for persistent bad behaviour.
  • Word Family: removable, removal.

• Scheme: (Âm mưu, ý đồ, kế hoạch)

  • Example 1: A local scheme for recycling newspapers.
  • Example 2: To introduce/operate a scheme to improve links between schools and industry.
  • Word Family: schematic, schematically.

• Sequence: (Sự nối tiếp, sự liên tiếp)

  • Example 1: He described the sequence of events leading up to the robbery.
  • Example 2: I got my slides mixed up and they appeared out of sequence.
  • Word Family: sequencing, sequential, sequentially.

• Sex: (Giới tính)

  • Word Family: sexism, sexual, sexuality, sexually.

• Shift: (Thay đổi tính tình, vị trí, suy nghĩ, hình dáng)

  • Example 1: There has been a dramatic shift in public opinion on this matter.
  • Example 2: Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past $50$ years.

• Specify: (Chỉ rõ, ghi rõ)

  • Example 1: Remember to specify your size when ordering clothes.
  • Example 2: Forms must be returned by the specified date.
  • Word Family: specifiable, unspecified.

• Sufficient: (Đủ)

  • Example 1: Allow sufficient time to get there.
  • Example 2: These reasons are not sufficient to justify the ban.
  • Example 3: Is $£100$ sufficient for your expenses?
  • Example 4: She didn't have sufficient time to answer all questions.
  • Example 5: I was sufficiently close to hear what they were saying.
  • Word Family: insufficiency, insufficient, insufficiently, sufficiency, sufficiently.

• Task: (Nhiệm vụ, phận sự)

  • Example 1: Our first task is to set up a communications system.
  • Example 2: I was given the task of sorting out all the stuff in the garage.
  • Example 3: Getting hold of this information was no easy task.

• Technical: (Thuộc kỹ thuật, chuyên môn)

  • Example: We offer free technical support.
  • Word Family: technically.

• Techniques: (Kỹ xảo, phương pháp kỹ thuật, kỹ năng)

  • Example: Her technique has improved a lot over the past season.

• Technology: (Công nghệ học)

  • Example: The company has invested in the latest technology.
  • Word Family: technological, technologically.

• Valid: (Hợp lệ, hợp lí)

  • Example 1: She had valid reasons for not supporting the proposals.
  • Example 2: The point you make is perfectly valid.
  • Example 3: A valid argument.
  • Word Family: invalidate, invalidation, invalidity, validate, validation, validity, validly.

• Volume: (Tuyển tập, tổng số lượng)

  • Example 1: How do you measure the volume of a gas?
  • Example 2: This work has grown in volume recently.

Academic Word List - Group 4

• Access: (Truy cập)

  • Example: You need a password to get access to the computer system.
  • Word Family: accessibility, accessible, inaccessibility, inaccessible.

• Adequate: (Đủ)

  • Example 1: I didn't have adequate time to prepare.
  • Example 2: The room was small but adequate.
  • Example 3: He didn't give an adequate answer to the question.
  • Example 4 (Specific needs): The space available is not adequate for our needs.
  • Example 5 (Industry): Training that is adequate to meet the future needs of industry.
  • Word Family: adequacy, adequately, inadequacy, inadequate, inadequately.

• Annual: (Thường niên)

  • Example: An average annual growth rate of $8\%$.
  • Word Family: annually.

• Apparent: (Rõ ràng, hiển nhiên)

  • Example 1: It soon became apparent that she had lost interest.
  • Example 2: Suddenly, for no apparent reason, he started screaming.
  • Example 3: It was apparent from her face that she was really upset.
  • Example 4: It soon became apparent to everyone that he couldn't sing.
  • Word Family: apparently.

• Approximate: (Xấp xỉ)

  • Example: The cost given is only approximate.
  • Word Family: approximately, approximation.

• Attitude: (Thái độ, quan điểm)

  • Example 1: To have a good/bad/positive/negative attitude towards somebody/something.
  • Example 2: The government's attitude towards single parents.
  • Example 3: If you want to pass your exams you'd better change your attitude!

• Attribute: (Quy cho, cho rằng)

  • Example: She attributes her success to hard work and a little luck.
  • Word Family: attributable, attribution.

• Civil: (Nội bộ)

  • Word Family: civilly.

• Code: (Bộ luật)

  • Example: It's written in code.

• Commitment: (Lời hứa, ràng buộc)

  • Example 1: She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment at the moment.
  • Example 2: The company's commitment to quality at a reasonable price.
  • Word Family: commit, committed.

• Communicate: (Giao tiếp, liên lạc)

  • Example 1: We only communicate by email.
  • Example 2: Has the news been communicated to the staff yet?
  • Example 3: Dolphins use sound to communicate with each other.
  • Word Family: communicable, communication, communicative.

• Concentrate: (Sự tập trung; nơi tập trung)

  • Example: A concentration of industry in the north of the country.
  • Word Family: concentrated, concentration.

• Conference: (Hội nghị, sự bàn bạc)

  • Example: She is attending a $3\text{-day}$ conference on AIDS education.
  • Word Family: confer.

• Contrast: (Sự khác biệt, tương phản)

  • Example 1: There is an obvious contrast between the cultures of East and West.
  • Example 2: The company lost $7\,\text{million}$ this quarter in contrast to a profit of $6.2\,\text{million}$ a year earlier.
  • Word Family: contrasting, contrastive.

• Cycle: (Chu kỳ, chu trình)

  • Example: They could not break the cycle of harvest failure and misery.
  • Word Family: cyclic, cyclical, cyclically.

• Debate: (Cuộc tranh luận, thảo luận)

  • Example 1: The motion under debate was put to a vote.
  • Example 2: After a long debate, Congress approved the proposal.
  • Word Family: debatable, debating.

• Despite: (Mặc dù)

  • Example: Her voice was shaking despite all her efforts to control it.

• Dimension: (Kích cỡ - size: cao, rộng, dài)

  • Example: We measured the dimensions of the kitchen.
  • Word Family: -dimensional (e.g., multidimensional model), multidimensional.

• Domestic: (Trong nước)

  • Example: Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market.
  • Word Family: domestically, domesticate, domesticated, domestication.

• Emerge: (~transpire - Lộ ra, tiết lộ secret/event)

  • Example 1: It emerged that the company was going to be sold.
  • Example 2: No new evidence emerged during the investigation.
  • Example 3: A figure emerged from the shadows.
  • Word Family: emergence, emergent.

• Error: (~mistake - Lỗi)

  • Example 1: There are too many errors in your work.
  • Example 2: I think you have made an error in calculating the total.
  • Word Family: erroneous, erroneously.

• Ethnic: (Thuộc bộ tộc)

  • Example: ethnic Albanians living in Germany.
  • Word Family: ethnically, ethnicity.

• Goal: (Mục tiêu)

  • Example: Our ultimate goal must be the preservation of the environment.

• Grant: (Trợ cấp)

  • Example: The bank finally granted me a $£500$ loan.
  • Word Family: granted.

• Hence: (=so, therefore - Vì thế nên)

  • Example 1: I love SP so much, hence I try to be her Mr. Right.
  • Example 2: He's got an interview today, hence the suit.

• Hypothesis: (Giả thuyết)

  • Example: There is little evidence to support these hypotheses.
  • Word Family: hypothesize, hypothetical, hypothetically.

• Implement: (~carry out - Áp dụng, thi hành công việc/hệ thống)

  • Example 1: Our new computerized system will soon be fully implemented.
  • Example 2: A new work programme for young people will be implemented.
  • Word Family: implementation.

• Implication: (Sự kéo theo, dính líu, hệ quả)

  • Example 1: Financial/health implications.
  • Example 2: They failed to consider the wider implications of their actions.
  • Example 3: This scheme has serious implications for the local economy.
  • Word Family: implicate.

• Impose: (Áp đặt, áp dụng)

  • Example 1: She is always trying to impose her opinion on other people.
  • Example 2: The time limits are imposed on us by factors outside our control.
  • Usage: (to impose upon someone's kindness — lợi dụng lòng tốt của ai).
  • Word Family: imposition.

• Integrate: (Hợp nhất ~ combine)

  • Example 1: An integrated database.
  • Example 2: These programs will integrate with your existing software.
  • Example 3: Plans to integrate the two schools.
  • Word Family: integrated, integration.

• Internal: (Nội bộ)

  • Example: The internal structure of a building.
  • Word Family: internalization, internalize, internally.

• Investigate: (Điều tra, nghiên cứu)

  • Example 1: This is not the first time he has been investigated by the police for fraud.
  • Example 2: Police are investigating possible links between the murders.
  • Word Family: investigation, investigative, investigator, investigatory.

• Job: (Nghề nghiệp)

  • Example: She took a job as a waitress.

• Label: (Nhãn hiệu)

  • Example: He'll only wear clothes with a designer label.

• Mechanism: (Máy móc, cơ chế - literal and figurative)

  • Example: Pain acts as a natural defence mechanism.

• Obvious: (Rõ ràng, rành mạch, hiển nhiên)

  • Word Family: obviously, obviousness.

• Occupational: (Thuộc nghề nghiệp)

  • Example: Occupational disease.
  • Word Family: occupancy, occupant, occupation, occupationally, occupied, occupier, occupy.

• Option: (Sự lựa chọn)

  • Example: There are various options open to you.
  • Word Family: optional.

• Output: (Sản phẩm)

  • Example 1: Manufacturing output has increased by $8\%$.
  • Example 2: Over the past year the factory's output has fallen by $15\%$.

• Overall: (~bib overalls - Tổng lại, toàn thể)

  • Example 1: There will be winners in each of $3$ age groups, and one overall winner.
  • Example 2: An overall improvement in standards of living.
  • Example 3: We lost the first game, but won overall.

• Parallel: (Song song, tương tự)

  • Example 1: The road and the canal are parallel to each other.
  • Example 2: The plane flew parallel to the coast.
  • Word Family: unparalleled.

• Parameter: (Tham số)

  • Usage: Set/define the parameters.
  • Example: We had to work within the parameters that had already been established.

• Phase: (Giai đoạn, thời kì - ~time, moment)

  • Example 1: She's going through a difficult phase.
  • Example 2: The wedding marked the beginning of a new phase in Emma's life.
  • Example 3: The first phase of the project is scheduled for completion next year.

• Predict: (~forecast - Dự đoán)

  • Example 1: She predicted that the election result would be close.
  • Example 2: They predicted that the temperature would reach $80$ degrees today.
  • Word Family: predictability, predictable, predictably, prediction, unpredictability, unpredictable, unpredictably.

• Principal: (Chính, chủ yếu)

  • Example 1: My principal concern is to get the job done fast.
  • Example 2: Her principal reason for moving is to be nearer her mother.
  • Example 3: New roads will link the principal cities of the area.
  • Word Family: principally.

• Prior: (~before - Trước)

  • Example 1: She will be unable to attend because of a prior engagement.
  • Example 2: The course requires no prior knowledge of Spanish.
  • Example 3: During the week prior to the meeting.

• Professional: (=pro - Chuyên nghiệp)

  • Example: He dealt with the problem in a highly professional way.
  • Word Family: pro, professionalism, professionally.

• Project: (Dự án, công trình nghiên cứu)

  • Example: To set up a project to computerize the library system.
  • Word Family: projection.

• Promote: (~encourage - Khuyến khích)

  • Example 1: A campaign to promote awareness of environmental issues.
  • Example 2: Policies to promote economic growth.
  • Word Family: promoter, promotion.

• Regime: (Chế độ, chính thể)

• Resolve: (~settle, solve - Giải quyết)

  • Example 1: Both sides met in order to try to resolve their differences.
  • Example 2: To resolve an issue/a dispute/a conflict/a crisis.
  • Example 3: An attempt to resolve the dispute.
  • Word Family: resolution, unresolved.

• Retain: (~preserve - Giữ gìn)

  • Example 1: To retain your independence.
  • Example 2: The house retains much of its original charm.
  • Example 3: She retained her tennis title for the third year.
  • Example 4: She has a good memory and finds it easy to retain facts.
  • Word Family: retainer, retention, retentive.

• Series: (Loạt, dãy, chuỗi)

  • Example: The first episode of the new series is on Saturday.

• Statistic: (Số liệu thống kê)

  • Example: According to official statistics the disease killed over $500$ people.
  • Word Family: statistical, statistically, statistician.

• Status: (Địa vị, thân phận)

  • Example: Women are only asking to be given equal status with men.

• Stress: (Áp lực)

  • Example: Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
  • Word Family: stressed, stressed out, stressful, unstressed.

• Subsequent: (Đến sau, xảy ra sau - >< previous)

  • Example 1: Developments will be dealt with in a subsequent report.
  • Example 2: Subsequent events confirmed our doubts.
  • Word Family: subsequently (~later).

• Sum: (Tổng số tiền)

  • Example: Huge sums have been invested in this project.

• Summary: (Tóm tắt)

  • Example: The following is a summary of our conclusions.
  • Word Family: summarily, summarize, summation, sum.

• Undertake: (Nhận làm, cam kết)

  • Example 1: I can't undertake to do that.
  • Example 2: The company announced it will undertake a full investigation.
  • Word Family: undertaking, undertook.

Academic Word List - Group 5

• Academic: (Có tính chất học thuật)

  • Example: The start of the new academic year.
  • Word Family: academe, academia, academically, academy.

• Adjustment: (Sự điều chỉnh)

  • Example: I've made a few adjustments to the design.
  • Word Family: adjust, readjust, readjustment.

• Alter: (Thay đổi, biến đổi)

  • Example 1: Prices did not alter significantly during $2007$.
  • Example 2: He had altered so much I scarcely recognized him.
  • Example 3: Nothing can alter the fact that we are to blame.
  • Word Family: alterable, alteration, alternate, alternately, alternation, unalterable, unaltered.

• Amend: (Sửa chữa lỗi - for texts like laws/contracts)

  • Example: The contract has now been amended.
  • Word Family: amendment.

• Aware: (Nhận thấy, nhận biết)

  • Example 1: As far as I'm aware, nobody has done anything.
  • Example 2: Everybody should be made aware of the risks involved.
  • Word Family: awareness, unaware, unawareness.

• Capacity: (~skilled, competent - Có tài, có năng lực)

  • Example 1: You are capable of better work than this.
  • Example 2: He's quite capable of lying to get out of trouble.
  • Word Family: incapacitate.

• Challenge: (Sự khước từ)

  • Example: It was a direct challenge to the president's authority.
  • Word Family: challenged, challenger, challenging.

• Clause: (Điều khoản in treaties/laws)

  • Example: There is a clause in the contract forbidding tenants to sublet.

• Compound: (Hợp chất, từ ghép)

  • Example: Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.

• Conflict: (Sự xung đột, đối lập)

  • Example 1: John often comes into conflict with his boss.
  • Example 2: Resolve the conflict over nurses' pay.

• Consultation: (Sự tham khảo, bàn bạc)

  • Example: The decision was taken after close consultation with local residents.
  • Word Family: consult, consultancy, consultant, consultative.

• Contact: (Sự liên lạc, liên hệ)

  • Example 1: She's lost contact with her son.
  • Example 2: The organization put me in contact with other people.
  • Word Family: contactable.

• Decline: (Sự suy sụp, tàn tạ, suy tàn)

  • Example: Industry in Britain has been in decline since the $1970\text{s}$.

• Discretion: (Sự tự do làm theo ý mình)

  • Example: I'll leave it up to you to use your discretion.
  • Word Family: discrete, discretely, discreteness, discretionary, indiscretion.

• Draft: (Bản phác thảo)

  • Example 1: I've made a rough draft of the letter.
  • Example 2: The legislation is still in draft form.
  • Word Family: redraft.

• Enable: (~allow - Làm cho có thể)

  • Example 1: The software enables you to create your own DVDs.
  • Example 2: Insulin enables the body to use and store sugar.

• Energy: (Năng lượng)

  • Example: It is important to conserve energy.
  • Word Family: energetic, energetically.

• Enforce: (Ép buộc; bắt tuân theo)

  • Example 1: It is the duty of the police to enforce the law.
  • Example 2: UN troops enforced a ceasefire (lệnh ngừng bắn).
  • Word Family: enforceable, enforced, enforcement.

• Entity: (Thực thể, sự tồn tại)

  • Example: These countries can no longer be viewed as a single entity.

• Equivalent: (Tương đương)

  • Example: $8\,\text{km}$ is roughly equivalent to $5\,\text{miles}$.
  • Word Family: equivalence.

• Evolution: (Tiến hóa, tiến triển)

  • Example: Darwin's theory of evolution.
  • Word Family: evolutionarily, evolutionary, evolutionism, evolutionist, evolve.

• Expansion: (Sự mở rộng, phát triển)

  • Example: The expansion of higher education will continue.
  • Word Family: expand, expansionism, expansionist, expansive, expansively, expansiveness.

• Expose: (~reveal - Vạch trần, phơi bày)

  • Example 1: My job as a journalist is to expose the truth.
  • Example 2: He did not want to expose his fears to anyone.
  • Word Family: exposed, exposure.

• External: (Ở ngoài, bên ngoài)

  • Example: The lotion is for external use only.
  • Word Family: externality, externalization, externalize, externally.

• Facilitate: (Làm cho dễ dàng, khả thi hơn)

  • Example: The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.
  • Word Family: facilitation, facilitator, facility.

• Fundamental: (~basic, essential - Cơ bản)

  • Example: A fundamental change in the organization was required.
  • Word Family: fundamentally.

• Generate: (Sinh ra, phát ra)

  • Example: We need someone to generate new ideas.

• Generation: (Thế hệ)

  • Example: I wonder what future generations will make of our efforts.

• Image: (Hình tượng)

  • Example: To improve the public image of the police.
  • Word Family: imagery.

• Liberal: (Khoan dung, khoan hồng)

  • Example: Her parents were very liberal.
  • Word Family: liberalism, liberalization, liberalize, liberally, liberate, liberated, liberation, liberator.

• Licence: (Giấy phép)

  • Example: A licence for the software.
  • Word Family: unlicensed.

• Logic: (Tín lô-gic)

  • Example: I fail to see the logic behind his argument.
  • Word Family: illogical / logical, illogicality, illogically, logically, logician.

• Margin: (Sự khác nhau trong số phiếu bầu)

  • Example 1: He won by a narrow margin.
  • Example 2: She beat the other runners by a margin of $10$ seconds.
  • Word Family: marginal, marginally.

• Medical: (Thuộc y học)

  • Example: Medical school; military medical officer (quân y sĩ).
  • Word Family: medically.

• Mental: (Thuộc trí tuệ, trí óc)

  • Example 1: I made a mental note.
  • Example 2: He has a complete mental block when it comes to physics.
  • Word Family: mentality, mentally.

• Modify: (~adjust, adapt - Sửa đổi, làm dịu)

  • Example: The software we use has been modified for us.
  • Word Family: modification, unmodified.

• Monitor: (Quan sát, theo dõi sự thay đổi)

• Network: (Mạng lưới, hệ thống)

  • Example: A network of veins.

• Notion: (Khái niệm, quan điểm)

  • Example 1: She had only a vague notion of what might happen.
  • Example 2: I have to reject the notion that greed can be a good thing.

• Objective: (Khách quan)

  • Example: I can’t be objective when I judge my daughter’s work.
  • Word Family: objectively, objectivity.

• Orientation: (Sự định hướng)

  • Example: Companies have been forced into a greater orientation to the market.
  • Word Family: orient, orientate, reorient, reorientation.

• Perspective: (~viewpoint - Quan điểm, góc nhìn)

  • Example: Try to see the issue from a different perspective.

• Precise: (~exact - Đúng, chính xác)

  • Example 1: Precise measurements/instructions.
  • Example 2: Can you give a more precise definition?
  • Word Family: imprecise, imprecisely, imprecision, precisely, precision.

• Prime: (Quan trọng, hàng đầu)

  • Example: Winning is not the prime objective in this sport.
  • Word Family: primacy.

• Psychology: (Tâm lí học)

  • Word Family: psychological, psychologically, psychologist.

• Pursue: (Theo đuổi, đuổi bắt)

  • Example 1: To pursue a goal/an aim.
  • Example 2: She wishes to pursue a medical career.
  • Word Family: pursuit.

• Ratio: (Tỉ số, tỉ lệ)

  • Example 1: The school has a very high teacher-student ratio.
  • Example 2: The ratio currently stands at $100:1$.

• Reject: (Từ chối, bác bỏ +smb, smth)

  • Example: The prime minister rejected any idea of reforming the system.
  • Word Family: rejection.

• Revenue: (~receipts - Khoản thu từ thuế, kinh doanh)

  • Example 1: A shortfall in tax revenue.
  • Example 2: Annual revenues rose by $30\%$.

• Stable: (Kiên định, vững vàng)

  • Example: The situation in the country has remained relatively stable.
  • Word Family: instability, stability, stabilization, stabilize, stably, unstable.

• Style: (Phong cách)

  • Example: I like your style (the way you do things).
  • Word Family: styling, stylish, stylishly, stylishness, stylization, stylized.

• Substitute: (Thay thế)

  • Example 1: He saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.
  • Example 2: Margarine can be used as a substitute for butter.
  • Word Family: substitution.

• Sustain: (~maintain - Duy trì, bảo vệ)

  • Example 1: She managed to sustain everyone's interest.
  • Example 2: The team may not be able to sustain this level of performance.
  • Word Family: sustainability, sustainable, sustainably, sustenance, unsustainable.

• Symbol: (Kí hiệu)

  • Example: White has always been a symbol of purity.
  • Word Family: symbolic, symbolically, symbolism, symbolist, symbolize.

• Target: (Mục tiêu)

  • Example: The university will reach its target of $5000$ students.

• Transit: (Sự vận chuyển, di chuyển)

  • Example: Goods damaged in transit.
  • Word Family: transition, transitional, transitory.

• Trend: (Phương hướng, khuynh hướng)

  • Example: A growing trend towards earlier retirement.

• Version: (Phiên bản)

  • Example: The latest version of the software package.

• Welfare: (~well-being, social security - Hạnh phúc, phúc lợi)

  • Example: They would rather work than live on welfare.

• Whereas: (Nhưng trái lại - conjunction)

  • Example: Some studies show positive results, whereas others do not.

Academic Word List - Group 6

• Abstract: (Trừu tượng)

  • Example: Thinking in abstract terms.
  • Word Family: abstraction, abstractly.

• Accurate: (Đúng đắn, chính xác)

  • Example: To obtain a more accurate picture of crime levels.
  • Word Family: accuracy, accurately, inaccuracy, inaccurate, inaccurately.

• Acknowledge: (Thừa nhận)

  • Example 1: She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.
  • Example 2: It is generally acknowledged to be true.
  • Word Family: acknowledgement.

• Aggregate: (Tổng số)

  • Example: Liverpool won $2\text{--}0$ on aggregate (in total).
  • Word Family: aggregation.

• Allocate: (Phân phối, phân bố)

  • Example: A large sum has been allocated for buying new books.
  • Word Family: allocation.

• Assign: (Phân công)

  • Example: The teacher assigned a different task to each child.
  • Word Family: assignment, reassign, reassignment, unassigned.

• Attach: (Đính kèm, bao gồm)

  • Example: She attached a photograph to her letter.
  • Word Family: attached, attachment, unattached.

• Author: (Tác giả)

  • Word Family: authorship.

• Bond: (Mối quan hệ, mối ràng buộc)

  • Example: A bond of friendship had been forged between them.
  • Word Family: bonding.

• Brief: (Ngắn ngủi, vắn tắt)

  • Example: Mozart's life was brief.
  • Word Family: brevity, briefing, briefly.

• Capable: (~skilled, competent - Có tài, năng lực)

  • Example: She's a very capable teacher.
  • Word Family: capability, capably, incapable.

• Cite: (Trích dẫn - quote)

  • Example: She cited a passage from the President's speech.
  • Word Family: citation.

• Cooperative: (Hợp tác - adj)

  • Example: Cooperative activity is essential to effective community work.
  • Word Family: cooperate, cooperation, cooperatively.

• Discrimination: (Sự phân biệt đối xử)

  • Example: Discrimination against older workers.
  • Word Family: discriminate.

• Display: (~exhibit - Bày ra, trưng bày)

  • Example: These statistics display a definite trend.

• Diversity: (Điều khác biệt lớn ~ variety)

  • Word Family: diverse, diversification, diversify.

• Domain: (Phạm vi, lãnh địa)

  • Example: The care of older people is within the domain of the family.

• Edition: (Số bản in ra, lần xuất bản)

  • Example: The electronic edition of ‘The Guardian’.
  • Word Family: edit, editor, editorial, editorship.

• Enhance: (~improve - Nâng cao, đề cao)

  • Example: This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the company.
  • Word Family: enhanced, enhancement.

• Estate: (Tài sản)

  • Example: He left estate valued at a million dollars.

• Exceed: (Trội hơn, nhiều hơn)

  • Example: His achievements have exceeded expectations.

• Expert: (Chuyên gia)

  • Example: An expert in child psychology.
  • Word Family: expertise, expertly.

• Explicit: (Rõ ràng, thẳng thắn - ~frank)

  • Example: He gave me very explicit directions.
  • Word Family: explicitly, explicitness.

• Federal: (Thuộc liên bang)

  • Word Family: federally, federation.

• Fee: (Phí)

  • Example: Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account?

• Flexible: (Linh hoạt, mềm dẻo)

  • Example: You need to be more flexible and imaginative.
  • Word Family: flexibility, flexibly, inflexibility, inflexible, inflexibly.

• Furthermore: (~moreover - Hơn nữa, vả lại)

  • Example: He had not discussed the matter. Furthermore, he had not even contacted her.

• Gender: (Giống)

  • Example: Adjectives must agree with nouns in number and gender.

• Ignore: (~disregard - Lờ đi, phớt lờ)

  • Example: He ignored all the ‘No Smoking’ signs.
  • Word Family: ignorance, ignorant, ignorantly.

• Incentive: (Sự khích lệ)

  • Example: There is no incentive for people to save fuel.

• Incidence: (Tần suất)

  • Example: An area with a high incidence of crime.
  • Word Family: incident, incidentally.

• Incorporate: (Kết hợp, sát nhập)

  • Example: The new car design incorporates all the latest safety features.
  • Word Family: incorporation.

• Index: (Mục lục)

• Inhibit: (Ngăn chặn, hạn chế, kiềm chế)

  • Example: A lack of oxygen may inhibit brain development in the unborn child.
  • Word Family: inhibition.

• Initiate: (~set in motion - Bắt đầu, khởi động)

  • Example: The government has initiated a programme of economic reform.
  • Word Family: initiation, initiative, initiator.

• Input: (Cái cho vào, đầu vào)

  • Example: Growing anything in this soil will require heavy inputs of nutrients.

• Instruct: (~direct, order - Chỉ dẫn)

  • Example: The letter instructed him to report to headquarters.
  • Word Family: instruction, instructive, instructively, instructor.

• Intelligent: (Thông minh)

  • Word Family: intelligence, intelligently, unintelligent.

• Interval: (Khoảng thời gian nghỉ giữa hai sự kiện)

  • Example: The interval between major earthquakes might be $200$ years.

• Lecture: (Bài diễn thuyết, thuyết trình)

  • Word Family: lecturer.

• Migrate: (+to, ~emigrate - Di cư)

  • Example: Thousands were forced to migrate from rural to urban areas.
  • Word Family: migrant, migration, migratory.

• Minimum: (Tối thiểu, nhỏ nhất)

  • Example: The work was done with the minimum amount of effort.

• Ministry: (Bộ)

  • Word Family: ministerial.

• Motive: (Cớ, lí do, động cơ)

  • Example: I have an ulterior motive in offering to help.
  • Word Family: motivate, motivated, motivation, motivational, motivator, motiveless, unmotivated.

• Neutral: (~impartial, unbiased - Trung lập)

  • Example: Journalists are supposed to be politically neutral.
  • Word Family: neutrality, neutralization, neutralize, neutrally.

• Nevertheless: (~nonetheless - Tuy nhiên, tuy thế)

  • Example: Our defeat was expected but it is disappointing nevertheless.

• Overseas: (Hải ngoại, ngoài nước - adj)

  • Example: Overseas development/markets/trade.

• Precede: (Xảy ra trước, đi trước)

  • Example: She preceded me in the job.
  • Word Family: precedence, precedent, unprecedented, unprecedentedly.

• Presume: (~assume - Cho là, coi như là)

  • Example: I presumed him to be her husband.
  • Word Family: presumably, presumption, presumptuous.

• Rational: (~reasonable - Có lí, phải lẽ)

  • Example: There is no rational explanation for his actions.
  • Word Family: irrational, irrationality, irrationally, rationalism, rationality, rationalization, rationalize, rationally.

• Recover: (Hồi phục, bình phục)

  • Example: The economy is at last beginning to recover.
  • Word Family: recoverable, recovered, recovery.

• Reveal: (~disclose - Tiết lộ, bộc lộ)

  • Example: Details of the murder were revealed by the local paper.
  • Word Family: revealing, revealingly, revelation.

• Scope: (Phạm vi, tầm xa kiến thức)

  • Example: These issues were outside the scope of the article.

• Subsidy: (Tiền trợ cấp)

  • Word Family: subsidiary, subsidization, subsidize.

• Tape: (Băng ghi âm)

• Trace: (~track down - Tìm, truy tìm gốc gác)

  • Example: She could trace her family tree back to the $16\text{th}$ century.
  • Word Family: traceable.

• Transform: (~convert - Thay đổi hình thù, định dạng)

  • Example: It was an event that would transform my life.
  • Word Family: transformation, transformational.

• Transport: (Sự vận chuyển, vận tải)

  • Example: Transport to and from the airport is included.
  • Word Family: transportation, transporter.

• Underlying: (Nằm dưới, ẩn dưới)

  • Example: Unemployment may be an underlying cause of the rising crime rate.
  • Word Family: underlie.

• Utilise: (~make use of - Dùng, sử dụng)

  • Example: The Romans were the first to utilize concrete.
  • Word Family: utility, utilization, utilize (v).

Academic Word List - Group 7

• Adaptation: (Sự thích nghi, điều chỉnh)

  • Example: The adaptation of desert species to hot conditions.
  • Word Family: adapt, adaptability, adaptable, adaption, adaptive.

• Adult: (~grown-up - Người lớn)

  • Word Family: adulthood.

• Advocate: (Chủ trương, tán thành publicly)

  • Example: Experts advocate rewarding your child for good behaviour.
  • Word Family: advocacy.

• Aid: (Sự giúp đỡ, cứu trợ)

  • Example: An extra $£10\,\text{million}$ in foreign aid.

• Channel: (Chuyển something to somewhere)

  • Example: Channel all that energy into something useful.

• Chemical: (Thuộc hóa học)

  • Word Family: chemically.

• Classical: (Kinh điển, cổ điển)

  • Word Family: classic, classically.

• Comprehensive: (~complete, full - Bao hàm đầy đủ)

  • Example: Comprehensive insurance (covering all risks).
  • Word Family: comp, comprehensively, comprehensiveness.

• Comprise: (~make something up - Chiếm, đóng góp)

  • Example: Women comprise $15\%$ of the police force.

• Confirm: (Xác nhận, chứng thực)

  • Example: Rumours of job losses were later confirmed.
  • Word Family: confirmation.

• Contrary: (~opposite - Trái ngược)

  • Example: Contrary to popular belief, many cats dislike milk.
  • Word Family: contrarily, contrariness.

• Convert: (Biến đổi objects/beliefs)

  • Example: The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home.
  • Word Family: conversion, convertibility, convertible.

• Couple: (Đôi, cặp)

  • Word Family: a couple, coupling.

• Decade: (Thập kỉ - e.g., $1910\text{--}1919$ or $2000\text{--}2009$).

• Definite: (Rõ ràng, chắc chắn)

  • Example: Can you give me a definite answer by tomorrow?
  • Word Family: definitely / indefinitely, definitive, definitively, indefinite.

• Deny: (Phủ nhận)

  • Example: He denies attempting to murder his wife.
  • Word Family: deniable, denial.

• Differentiate: (~distinguish - Phân biệt)

  • Example: I can't differentiate one variety from another.
  • Word Family: differentiation.

• Disposal: (Sự vứt bỏ, tống đi)

  • Example: The disposal of nuclear waste.
  • Word Family: disposable, dispose, disposed.

• Dynamic: (Động lực học - adj/n, >< statics)

  • Word Family: dynamically.

• Eliminate: (Loại ra, loại trừ hoàn toàn)

  • Example: Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of cash.
  • Word Family: elimination.

• Empirical: (~theoretical - Đực nghiệm, kinh nghiệm)

  • Example: Such claims need to be tested empirically.
  • Word Family: empirically, empiricism, empiricist.

• Equipment: (Đồ trang bị, thiết bị)

  • Word Family: equip.

• Extract: (Loại bỏ, nhổ ra, rút ra nguyên tắc)

  • Example: A machine that extracts excess moisture from the air.
  • Word Family: extraction.

• File: (Tài liệu, hồ sơ)

• Finite: (~infinite - Có hạn, có chừng mực)

  • Example: The world's resources are finite.
  • Word Family: infinite, infinitely.

• Foundation: (Nền móng, căn cứ, cơ sở)

  • Example: Respect and friendship provide a solid foundation for marriage.

• Globe: (=The world - Quả đất)

  • Word Family: globalization, globally.

• Grade: (Cấp bậc, mức độ, hạng loại)

  • Word Family: graded.

• Guarantee: (~assurance - Bảo đảm, cam đoan)

  • Example: They are demanding guarantees before they sign the treaty.

• Hierarchical: (Có thứ bậc, tôn ti)

  • Word Family: hierarchically, hierarchy.

• Identical: (Đúng, chính xác như nhau)

  • Example: Her dress is almost identical to mine.
  • Word Family: identically.

• Ideology: (Hệ tư tưởng)

  • Word Family: ideological, ideologically.

• Infer: (~deduce - Suy ra, luận ra)

  • Example: Much of the meaning must be inferred from the context.
  • Word Family: inference.

• Innovation: (Sáng kiến, sự đổi mới)

  • Example: The latest innovations in education.
  • Word Family: innovate, innovative, innovator, innovatory.

• Insert: (Lồng vào, gài vào, chèn into)

  • Example: Insert coins into the slot.
  • Word Family: insertion.

• Intervene: (Xen vào, can thiệp)

  • Example: The President intervened personally in the crisis.
  • Word Family: intervention.

• Isolate: (Cô lập, tách ly)

  • Example: Patients with the disease should be isolated.

• Media: (Các phương tiện truyền thông - collective of medium).

• Mode: (Cách, cách thức)

  • Example: Environment-friendly modes of transport.

• Paradigm: (Mẫu, mô hình)

  • Example: The war was a paradigm of the destructive side of human nature.

• Phenomenon: (Sự việc phi thường, hiện tượng lạ)

• Priority: (Điều ưu tiên)

  • Example: Financial security was high on his list of priorities.

• Prohibit: (~forbid - Cấm chỉ bởi luật; ~prevent)

  • Example: The policy prohibits smoking on school grounds.

• Publication: (Sự xuất bản)

  • Example: A delay in the publication of the exam results.

• Quote: (Trích dẫn)

• Release: (Giải thoát, phóng thích)

  • Example: Firefighters took two hours to release the driver.

• Reverse: (Nghịch, đảo ngược - n, adj, v)

  • Example: Reverse the economic decline.
  • Word Family: irreversible, irreversibly.

• Simulate: (Giả lập, mô phỏng)

  • Example: Computer software can be used to simulate conditions on the seabed.

• Sole: (~only, single - Duy nhất)

  • Example: My sole reason for coming here was to see you.

• Somewhat: (~rather - Hơi, một chút)

  • Example: I was somewhat surprised to see him.

• Submit: (Đệ trình formally)

  • Example: Projects must be submitted to Mr. James by $10\,\text{March}$.

• Successor: (Người nối nghiệp, thừa tự)

  • Example: Who's the likely successor to him as party leader?

• Survive: (Sống qua, sống sót)

  • Example: I can't survive on $£40$ a week.

• Thesis: (Luận văn, luận án)

• Topic: (Chủ đề, đề tài)

• Transmit: (~transfer - Chuyển giao, truyền tín hiệu)

  • Example: The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite.

• Ultimate: (~final, basic, fundamental - Cuối cùng, quan trọng nhất)

  • Example: We will accept ultimate responsibility.

• Unique: (Duy nhất, độc nhất)

  • Example: The koala is unique to Australia.

• Visible: (Có thể trông thấy)

  • Example: The house is clearly visible from the beach.
  • Word Family: invisibility, invisible, invisibly.

• Voluntary: (Tự nguyện, tự giác - >< compulsory)

  • Example: She works there on a voluntary basis.

Academic Word List - Group 8

• Abandon: (Ngừng làm gì đó)

  • Example: They abandoned the match because of rain.
  • Word Family: abandoned, abandonment.

• Accompany: (Đi cùng, hộ tống)

  • Example: I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.
  • Word Family: accompaniment, unaccompanied.

• Accumulation: (~amass, build up - Sự tích lũy, tích tụ)

  • Example: Debts began to accumulate.
  • Word Family: accumulate.

• Ambiguous: (Đa nghĩa, mơ hồ)

  • Word Family: ambiguity, ambigously, unambiguous, unambiguously.

• Appendix: (Phụ lục; ruột thừa)

  • Word Family: append.

• Appreciate: (Hiểu rõ, nhận thức đúng tình huống)

  • Example: I appreciate that it is a difficult decision.
  • Word Family: appreciable, appreciably, appreciation, unappreciated.

• Arbitrary: (Tùy ý, tự ý, độc đoán)

  • Example: He makes unpredictable, arbitrary decisions.
  • Word Family: arbitrarily, arbitrariness.

• Automate: (Tự động hóa)

  • Example: The entire manufacturing process has been automated.
  • Word Family: automatic, automatically, automation.

• Bias: (Sự thiên vị, thành kiến)

  • Example: Some institutions still have a strong bias against women.
  • Word Family: biased.

• Chart: (Đồ thị, biểu đồ)

  • Word Family: uncharted.

• Clarify: (Làm rõ)

  • Example: Talking to someone has helped clarify my feelings.
  • Word Family: clarification, clarity.

• Commodity: (Hàng hóa - basic items like rice, oil)

  • Example: Crude oil is the world's most important commodity.

• Complement: (n, v - Bổ sung, bổ trợ)

  • Example: The team needs players who complement each other.
  • Word Family: complementary.

• Conform: (~comply - Tuân theo, làm theo customs/regulations)

  • Example: The building does not conform with safety regulations.
  • Word Family: conformability, conformable, conformance, conformation, conformist, conformity, nonconformism, Nonconformist, nonconformity.

• Contemporary: (Cùng thời, hiện tại)

• Contradiction: (Sự mâu thuẫn)

  • Example: There is a clear contradiction between what she says and what she does.
  • Word Family: contradict, contradictory.

• Crucial: (~critical, essential - Tối quan trọng, quyết định)

  • Example: Winning this contract is crucial to the success of the company.
  • Word Family: crucially.

• Currency: (Tiền tệ)

  • Example: You'll need some cash in local currency.

• Denote: (~indicate - Biểu thị, chỉ rõ)

  • Example: The colour red is used to denote passion or danger.
  • Word Family: denotation, denotational.

• Detect: (Khám phá, phát hiện)

  • Example: This special camera can detect bodies by their heat.
  • Word Family: detectable, detection, detective, detector.

• Deviation: (Sự lệch lạc, xa rời plan/norm)

  • Example: Sexual deviation; a deviation from the plan.
  • Word Family: deviate (v).

• Displace: (~replace - Thay thế, cho ra rìa)

  • Example: Factory workers have been displaced by machines.
  • Word Family: displacement.

• Dramatic: (Đột ngột gây bất ngờ)

  • Example: A dramatic change in house prices.
  • Word Family: drama, dramatically, dramatist, dramatization, dramatize.

• Eventually: (After all - Sau cùng, cuối cùng)

  • Example: Our flight eventually left five hours late.
  • Word Family: eventual, eventuality.

• Exhibit: (Trưng bày)

  • Word Family: exhibition.

• Exploit: (Khai thác, sử dụng hiệu quả; lạm dụng, bóc lột)

  • Example: She fully exploits the humour of her role.
  • Word Family: exploitation, exploiter.

• Fluctuate: (~vary - Sự biến động thay đổi)

  • Example 1: Temperatures can fluctuate by as much as $10$ degrees.
  • Example 2: Oil prices fluctuated between $20$ and $40$ a barrel.
  • Word Family: fluctuation.

• Guideline: (Nguyên tắc chỉ đạo official)

  • Example: EU guidelines on appropriate levels of pay.

• Highlight: (Làm nổi bật, nêu bật)

  • Example: The report highlights the need for stricter regulations.

• Implicit: (Tiềm ẩn, ngầm)

  • Example: We interpreted his silence as implicit agreement.
  • Word Family: implicitly.

• Induce: (Cause - Gây ra, đem lại)

  • Example: Drugs which induce sleep.
  • Word Family: induction.

• Inevitable: (~unavoidable - Không thể tránh khỏi)

  • Example: A rise in the interest rates seems inevitable.
  • Word Family: inevitably.

• Infrastructure: (Cơ sở hạ tầng)

  • Word Family: infrastructural.

• Inspection: (Sự thanh tra official)

  • Word Family: inspect, inspector.

• Intense: (Nỗ lực, quyết liệt)

  • Example: It was a period of intense activity.
  • Word Family: intensely, intensification, intensify, intensity, intensive, intensively.

• Manipulate: (Vận dụng bằng tay, điều khiển opinion)

  • Example: He knows how to manipulate public opinion.
  • Word Family: manipulation, manipulative.

• Minimise: (~minimize - Giảm đến mức tối thiểu)

  • Example: Airport staff are trying to minimize the inconvenience.
  • Word Family: minimization.

• Nuclear: (Thuộc hạt nhân)

• Offset: (Bù đắp, làm cân bằng)

  • Example: Prices have risen in order to offset the increased cost of materials.

• Paragraph: (Đoạn văn)

  • Word Family: paragraphing.

• Plus: (Cộng với, thêm vào)

  • Example: $2 + 5 = 7$.

• Practitioner: (Học viên đang hành nghề medical/law).

• Predominantly: (Phần lớn, chủ yếu)

  • Example: A predominantly Asian community.
  • Word Family: predominance, predominant, predominate, predominately.

• Prospect: (Triển vọng, hi vọng future possibility)

  • Example: Is there any prospect of the weather improving?
  • Word Family: prospective.

• Radical: (Cấp tiến, tiên tiến)

  • Example: Radical proposals for change.
  • Word Family: radically.

• Random: (Ngẫu nhiên)

  • Word Family: randomly, randomness.

• Reinforce: (Củng cố, kiên cố thêm feelings/views)

  • Word Family: reinforcement.

• Restore: (Khôi phục, tu bổ)

  • Example: Restore the garden to its former glory.
  • Word Family: restoration.

• Revise: (Sửa đổi, xem xét lại opinions/texts)

  • Word Family: revision.

• Schedule: (Lịch trình, thời hạn)

  • Example: We're working to a tight schedule.
  • Word Family: reschedule, rescheduling, scheduler, unscheduled.

• Tense: (Căng thẳng)

  • Word Family: tensely, tenseness, tension.

• Terminate: (Chấm dứt, kết thúc)

  • Example: Your contract of employment terminates in December.
  • Word Family: terminal, terminally, termination.

• Theme: (Đề tài, chủ đề)

  • Word Family: thematic, thematically.

• Thereby: (Do đó, vì lí do đó)

  • Example: Regular exercise strengthens the heart, thereby reducing heart attack risk.

• Uniform: (Đồng dạng, cùng kiểu)

  • Example: Of uniform length (cùng chiều dài như nhau).
  • Word Family: uniformity, uniformly.

• Vehicle: (Phương tiện travel/expression)

  • Example: Art may be used as a vehicle for propaganda.

• Via: (Đi qua, theo đường)

  • Example: We flew home via Dubai.

• Virtual: (Gần như hoàn toàn)

  • Usage: Virtual monopoly.
  • Word Family: virtually.

• Visual: (Thuộc thị giác)

  • Word Family: visualization, visualize, visually.

• Widespread: (Phổ biến, rộng rãi)

  • Example: A widespread problem.

Academic Word List - Group 9

• Accommodation: (Chỗ trọ, chỗ ở)

  • Word Family: accommodate.

• Analogy: (Sự tương tự)

  • Example: She draws an analogy between life's events and a game of chance.
  • Word Family: analogous.

• Anticipate: (Mong đợi, chờ đợi)

  • Example: It is anticipated that inflation will stabilize at $3\%$.
  • Word Family: anticipation, anticipatory, unanticipated.

• Assure: (Quả quyết, cam đoan)

  • Example: I won't let you down, I can assure you of that.
  • Word Family: assurance, assured, assuredly, self-assurance, self-assured.

• Attain: (~get - Đạt được, đạt tới levels/grades)

  • Word Family: attainable, attainment, unattainable.

• Behalf: (Thay mặt cho, nhân danh)

  • Example: On behalf of the department, I would like to thank you.

• Bulk: (Số lượng lớn)

  • Example: He spends the bulk of his money on rent.
  • Word Family: bulky.

• Cease: (~stop - Dừng, ngừng)

  • Example: Her behaviour never ceases to amaze me.
  • Word Family: ceaseless, ceaselessly.

• Coherent: (Mạch lạc, chặt chẽ policy/speech)

  • Word Family: coherence, coherently, incoherence, incoherent, incoherently.

• Coincide: (Trùng khớp, xảy ra đồng thời)

  • Example: Theband's tour coincided with the release of their album.
  • Word Family: coincidence, coincident, coincidental, coincidentally.

• Commence: (~begin, start - Bắt đầu)

  • Example: She commenced her medical career in $1956$.
  • Word Family: commencement.

• Compatible: (~suitable - Tương thích, phù hợp)

  • Example: Measure to protect environment compatible with economic growth?
  • Word Family: compatibility, compatibly, concurrent, incompatibility, incompatible.

• Concurrent: (Đồng thời, xảy ra đồng thời +with)

  • Example: The prison sentences will run concurrently.

• Confine: (~restrict - Giới hạn physical/social)

  • Example: The illness is not confined to any one group.
  • Word Family: confined, unconfined.

• Controversy: (Cuộc tranh cãi, luận chiến)

  • Word Family: controversial, controversially, uncontroversial.

• Conversely: (Ngược lại, đảo lại)

  • Example: Dark lipsticks make your mouth look smaller. Conversely, light shades make it larger.
  • Word Family: converse.

• Device: (Thiết bị)

• Devote: (Cống hiến, dâng hiến time/magazines)

  • Example: She devotes most of her free time to charity work.
  • Word Family: devotion.

• Diminish: (~decrease - Giảm bớt, hạ bớt)

  • Example: His influence has diminished with time.
  • Word Family: diminution, undiminished.

• Distort: (Bóp méo, xuyên tạc voice/facts)

  • Example: My original statement has been completely distorted by the media.
  • Word Family: distortion.

• Duration: (Khoảng thời gian tồn tại)

  • Example: A contract of three years' duration.

• Erode: (~wear away - Xói mòn, ăn mòn rocks/coastline)

  • Word Family: erosion.

• Ethical: (Thuộc đạo đức, luân lí)

  • Word Family: ethic, ethically, unethical, unethically.

• Format: (Định dạng)

• Found: (~establish - Thành lập, đặt nền móng)

  • Example: The town was founded by English settlers in $1790$.
  • Word Family: unfounded.

• Inherent: (~intrinsic - Vốn có, thuộc bản chất)

  • Example: Violence is inherent in our society.
  • Word Family: inherently.

• Insight: (Cái nhìn sáng suốt inside knowledge)

  • Example: The book provides a fascinating insight into art.
  • Word Family: insightful.

• Integral: (Quan trọng, không thể thiếu)

  • Example: Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum.
  • Word Family: integrally.

• Intermediate: (Trung gian, ở giữa stage/step)

• Manual: (Thuộc tay, làm bằng tay)

  • Word Family: manually.

• Mature: (Trưởng thành physical/mental)

  • Example: A mature and sensible attitude.
  • Word Family: immature, immaturity, maturation, maturational, maturely, maturity.

• Mediate: (Hòa giải staff/management)

  • Word Family: mediation.

• Medium: (Phương tiện truyền thông; plural: media).

• Military: (Thuộc quân sự)

  • Word Family: militarily.

• Minimal: (Tối thiểu, cực kì nhỏ)

  • Example: Damage to the car was minimal.
  • Word Family: minimalism, minimalist, minimally.

• Mutual: (Chung interest/friends)

  • Word Family: mutuality, mutually.

• Norm: (Quy tắc tiêu chuẩn, quy phạm)

• Overlap: (Chồng chéo jobs/scales)

• Passive: (Thụ động, bị động role/expression)

  • Word Family: passively.

• Portion: (Phần chia ra total profit/budget/ticket)

• Preliminary: (Sơ bộ, trù bị preliminary meeting)

• Protocol: (Giao thức, nghi lễ ngoại giao)

• Qualitative: (Thuộc phẩm chất, chất lượng research/analysis)

  • Word Family: qualitatively.

• Refine: (Tinh chế, lọc sugar/oil)

  • Word Family: refined, refinement.

• Relaxed: (Thư thái, thư giãn)

  • Word Family: relax, relaxation, relaxing.

• Restrain: (~prevent, stop - Cản trở, ngăn cản self/prisoners)

  • Word Family: restrained, restraint, unrestrained.

• Revolution: (Cuộc cách mạng total change)

  • Example: A revolution in IT is taking place.
  • Word Family: rev, revolutionary, revolutionize.

• Rigid: (Cứng nhắc structures/rules)

  • Word Family: rigidity, rigidly.

• Route: (Tuyến đường, lộ trình)

• Scenario: (Viễn cảnh future possibility)

• Sphere: (Hình cầu, quả cầu)

  • Word Family: spherical, spherically.

• Subordinate: (Cấp dưới social/professional)

  • Word Family: subordination.

• Supplement: (Phần bổ sung factors/vitamins)

  • Word Family: supplemental, supplementary, supplementation.

• Suspend: (Hoãn lại, đình chỉ officially)

  • Example: She was suspended from school for fighting.
  • Word Family: suspension.

• Team: (Nhóm, đội)

• Temporary: (Tạm thời, chốc lát - >< permanent)

  • Word Family: temporarily, temporariness.

• Trigger: (Kích hoạt, gây nên bad things ~cause)

  • Example: Intense sunlight may be a trigger to skin cancer.

• Unify: (~join - Thống nhất organization/country)

  • Word Family: unification.

• Violate: (Vi phạm law/rules)

  • Word Family: violation, violator.

• Vision: (Tầm nhìn, thị lực physical/night)

Academic Word List - Group 10

• Adjacent: (Liền kề - next to)

  • Example: The planes landed on adjacent runways.

• Albeit: (~although - Mặc dù though reluctantly)

  • Example: He finally agreed, albeit reluctantly, to help us.

• Assembly: (Hội đồng group of people voting/meeting)

  • Example: The national assembly has voted to adopt the budget.
  • Word Family: assemble.

• Collapse: (~fail suddenly - Sụp đổ opposition/talks)

  • Example: Talks between management and unions have collapsed.
  • Word Family: collapsed, collapsible.

• Colleague: (Đồng nghiệp office/cabinet)

• Compile: (Sưu tầm, cóp nhặt facts/lists/albums)

  • Word Family: compilation.

• Conceive: (Tưởng tượng, thai nghén idea/belief)

  • Example: God is often conceived of as male.
  • Word Family: conceivable / inconceivable, conceivably, inconceivably.

• Convince: (~persuade - Thuyết phục somebody of enthusiasm/mind)

  • Example: I've been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
  • Word Family: convinced / unconvinced, convincing, convincingly.

• Depression: (Tuyệt vọng, trầm cảm medical/mood)

  • Word Family: depress, depressed, depressing, depressingly.

• Encounter: (~meet with, run into difficulties/resistance)

  • Example: I had never encountered such resistance before.

• Enormous: (~huge, immense - Khổng lồ, to lớn president's problems/salary)

  • Example: You've been an enormous help.
  • Word Family: enormity, enormously.

• Forthcoming: (Sắp tới election/tour/conference)

• Inclination: (Ý muốn, thiện ý compromised inclination)

  • Example: He did not show the slightest inclination to leave.
  • Word Family: incline, inclined.

• Integrity: (Chính trực, liêm chính integrity man).

• Intrinsic: (Bên trong, thực chất intrinsic part/value)

  • Word Family: intrinsically.

• Invoke: (Viện dẫn chứng law/rule officially)

  • Example: Invoke federal law to stop the strike.

• Levy: (Thu thuế officially on luxury goods/oil)

• Likewise: (Cũng vậy, tương tự colleagues do likewise)

• Nonetheless: (~nevertheless - Tuy nhiên information/return)

  • Example: The book is too long but, nonetheless, informative.

• Notwithstanding: (~in spite of - Tuy nhiên problems/objections)

  • Example: The bad weather notwithstanding, the event was a success.

• Odds: (Khả năng, cơ hội, lợi thế favour/against)

  • Example 1: The odds are that she'll win.
  • Example 2: What are the odds of winning the top prizes?
  • Word Family: odd, oddness.

• Ongoing: (Vẫn đang tiếp diễn process/investigation/debate)

• Panel: (Nhóm người tham gia hội thảo/expert panel)

  • Word Family: panelling.

• Persist: (~insist on - Khăng khăng, cố chấp +in / with)

  • Example: He persists in calling me Jane.
  • Word Family: persistence, persistent, persistently.

• Pose: (Đặt câu hỏi serious; gây ra threat/danger/risk)

  • Example: These chemicals pose very real threats to our health.

• Reluctant: (Miễn cưỡng agreement/smile)

  • Example: Persistent reluctance on part of employers to become involved.
  • Word Family: reluctance, reluctantly.

• So-called: (Cái gọi là - expert/friend/improvement).

• Straightforward: (~easy - Dễ dàng process/task)

  • Word Family: straightforwardly, straightforwardness.

• Undergo: (Trải qua negative transition e.g., surgery/change)

  • Example: The country is currently undergoing major political change.

• Whereby: (Theo đó, bởi đó ~ how - by shared system)

  • Example: A system whereby people share cars.