Cash and Cash Equivalent
Cash:
Physical currency (bills and coins)
Petty cash
Undeposited customer checks
Cash in hand
Cash in bank (checking accounts)
Cash in savings accounts
Bank drafts
Cashier’s checks
Money orders
Treasury cash reserves
Foreign currency (immediately convertible)
Demand deposits
Vault cash
Till cash (retail cash register)
Remittance in transit
Short-term IOUs (if immediately available)
Restricted cash (if for short-term use)
Traveler’s checks
PayPal or digital wallet balances (if immediately accessible)
Mobile money (e.g., M-Pesa, Venmo, Cash App balances)
Unrestricted money market deposit accounts
Overnight deposits
Central bank deposits
Employee cash advances (if collectible within a short period)
Redeemed gift cards (if refundable)
Preloaded business debit cards
Legal tender held by the company
Unrestricted charitable donation funds (if liquid)
Client trust accounts (if available for immediate use)
Company vault reserves
Short-term remittances received but not yet deposited
Over-the-counter cash receipts
Emergency cash reserves
Undeposited credit card receipts (if treated as cash)
Unused store credits (if exchangeable for cash)
Government-issued relief cash
Refundable security deposits (short-term)
Unrestricted municipal funds held in cash
Unrestricted university or research grant funds in cash
Cash float (used for daily business operations)
Cash Equivalents:
Treasury bills (T-bills)
Commercial paper (short-term)
Certificates of deposit (CDs) – under 3 months
Money market funds
Repurchase agreements (short-term)
Bank acceptances
Short-term municipal bonds
Marketable securities (highly liquid)
Government bonds (maturing within 3 months)
Corporate bonds (maturing within 3 months)
Short-term investments (highly liquid, low risk)
Fixed deposits (maturing within 3 months)
Negotiable instruments (short-term)
Short-term treasury notes
Eurodollar deposits (short-term)
Sovereign wealth funds (liquid portion)
Short-term deposit certificates
Federally insured deposits (high liquidity)
High-quality commercial paper (investment-grade)
Asset-backed commercial paper (ABCP)
Restricted money market funds (short-term)
Overnight repurchase agreements
Exchange-traded funds (ETFs) (liquid, money market-based)
Floating rate notes (short-term, highly liquid)
Bank money market accounts
Highly liquid investment-grade debt instruments
Federal agency securities (maturing within 3 months)
Demand loans to financial institutions
Liquid portion of endowment funds
Corporate promissory notes (short-term)
Convertible cash management accounts
Gold-backed money market instruments
Short-term investment pools (government-backed)
Callable fixed deposits (withdrawable within 3 months)
Interbank call money (highly liquid)
Public sector bonds (maturing soon)
Trust funds (if liquid and accessible)
Prepaid treasury investments
Money held in brokerage accounts for immediate withdrawal
Any investment that meets the IAS 7 definition of a cash equivalent (short-term, highly liquid, readily convertible to cash, and insignificant risk of value changes)