Terms 2 Ap Geo

  1. Agricultural Density: The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture

  2. Arithmetic Density: The total number of people divided by the total land area

  3. Census: A complete enumeration of a population

  4. Crude Birth Rate: The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people in the society

  5. Crude Death Rate: The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people in the society

  6. Demographic Transition: The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and a low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and higher total population

  7. Demography: The scientific study of population characteristics

  8. Dependency Ratio: The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people in the active labor force

  9. Doubling Time: The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase

  10. Ecumene: The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement

  11. Elderly Support Ratio: The number of working-age people (ages 15 to 64) divided by the number of persons 65 or older

  12. Epidemiologic Transition: The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition

  13. Epidemiology: The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality

  14. Industrial Revolution: A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods

  15. Infant Mortality Rate: The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society

  16. Maternal Mortality Rate: The total number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management

  17. Medical Revolution: Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia, and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives

  18. Natural Increase Rate: The percentage of growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate

  19. Overpopulation: A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living

  20. Pandemic: Disease that occurs at a wide geographic area affects a very high proportion of the population

  21. Physiological Density: The number per unit area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture

  22. Population Pyramid: A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex

  23. Sex Ratio: The number of males per 100 females in the population

  24. Total Fertility Rate: The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years

  25. Zero Population Growth: A decline of the total fertility rate where the natural increase rate equals zero

  26. Asylum Seeker: Someone who has migrated to another country in the hope of being recognized as a refugee

  27. Brain Drain: Large-scale emigration by talented people

  28. Chain Migration: Migration of people to a specific location because relatives or members of the same nationality previously migrated there

  29. Circular Migration: The temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries to seek employment

  30. Circulation: Short-term, repetitive, or cyclical  movements that recur on a regular basis

  31. Counterurbanization: Net migration from urban to rural areas in more developed countries

  32. Desertification: Degradation of land, especially in semi-arid areas, primarily because of human actions such as excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Also known as semi-arid land degradation

  33. Emigration: Migration from a location

  34. Floodplain: An area subject to flooding during a given number of years, according to historical trends

  35. Forced Migration: Permanent movement, usually compelled by cultural factors

  36. Guest Worker: A term once used for a worker who to the developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern and Eastern Europe, or North Africa, in search of a higher-paying job

  37. Immigration: Migration to a new location

  38. Internal Migration: Permanent movement within a particular country

  39. Internally Displaced Person: Someone who has been forced to migrate for similar political reasons as a refugee but has not migrated across an international border

  40. International Migration: Permanent movement from one country to another

  41. Interregional Migration: Permanent movement from one region of a country to another

  42. Intervening Obstacle: An environmental or cultural feature of the landscape that hinders migration

  43. Intraregional Migration: Permanent movement in one region of a country

  44. Migration: A permanent move to a new location

  45. Migration Transition: A change in the migration pattern in a society that results from industrialization, population growth, and other social and economic changes that also produces the demographic transition

  46. Mobility: all types of movement between locations

  47. Net Migration: The difference between the level of immigration and the level of emigration

  48. Pull Factor: A factor that induces people to move to a new location

  49. Push Factor: A factor that induces people to move out of their present location

  50. Quota: In reference to migration, a law that places a maximum limit on the number of people who can immigrate to a country each year

  51. Refugee: Someone who is forced to migrate from his or her home country and cannot return for fear of persecution because of his or her race, religion, nationality, membership in a social group, or political opinion

  52. Remittance: Transfer of money by workers to the people in the country from which they emigrated

  53. Unauthorized Immigrant: A person who enters a country without the proper documents to do so

  54. Voluntary Migration: Permanent movement undertaken by choice