Spanish Final Exam 2026 Study Guide

Currency and Shopping Vocabulary

The following vocabulary list provides translations from the Mango vocabulary sets regarding commerce and financial transactions. "¿Dónde puedo encontrar?" translates to "Where can I find?". "Está defectuoso" means "It is defective." "Eso es todo" is used to say "That's all." "¿Me lo puedes cambiar?" asks "Can you exchange it?" while "¿Me puede traer?" asks "Can you bring me?". If something is non-functional, one says "No funciona" ("It doesn't work"). "No lo quiero" means "I don't want it," and "¿Podría probar?" asks "May I try?". To express a desire to purchase, use "Quiero comprar" ("I want to buy").

Directives and nouns for shopping include "Aquel," meaning "That" (referring to something away from the speaker). "La artesanía" means "Crafts." "El artículo" is localized as "Item." "El billete" stands for "Paper money" or "the bill." Specifically for sun protection, "El bloqueador" is "Sunblock." Regional currencies include "El boliviano" (Bolivian currency), "El colón" (Costa Rican currency), "La lempira" (Honduran currency), "El quetzal" (Guatemalan currency), and "El sol" (Peruvian currency). Storage items include "La bolsa" ("Purse"), "La botella" ("Bottle"), and "La mochila" ("Backpack"). For financial services, "La cajero automático" refers to an "ATM." Footwear includes "Las chanclas" ("Flip-flops"), "Las pantuflas" ("Slippers"), and "Las sandalias" ("Sandals"). General terms include "La cosa" ("Thing"), "El cupón" ("Gift card"), and "El recibo" ("Receipt"). Action-oriented verbs are "Devolver" ("To return"), "Regatear" ("To bargain"), "Vender" ("To sell"), "Pagar" ("To pay"), and "Funcionar" ("To work"). Forms of payment include "El efectivo" ("Cash") or "En efectivo" ("In cash"), and "La tarjeta de crédito" ("Credit card").

Other items and concepts found in markets include "La fruta" ("Fruit"), "El jugo de fruta" ("Fruit juice"), "La gaseosa" ("Soda/soda water"), "La toalla" ("Towel"), "La lata" ("Can"), and "El lapicero" ("Pen"). Shopping activities are distinguished as "Hacer las compras" ("To go grocery shopping") and "Ir de compras" ("To go shopping"). Quality or source is described as "Hecho a mano" ("Handmade"). Descriptive commerce terms include "La garantía" ("Warranty"), "La moneda" ("Coin"), "El número" ("Size for shoes"), "La talla" ("Size for clothes"), "El recuerdo" ("Souvenir"), "El regalo" ("Gift"), and "El repelente de mosquitos" ("Mosquito repellent"). In terms of venues, "El tianguis" refers to a "Market," and "El trueque" refers to "Bartering." Adverbial quantities include "Poco," meaning "A few" or "a little."

Introductory Savvas Lesson: Body Parts and Social Interaction

This section covers physical anatomy and standard greetings. The body parts listed are: "La cabeza" (The head), "El ojo" (The eye), "La boca" (The mouth), "El nariz" (The nose), "La mano" (The hand), "El brazo" (The arm), "El dedo" (The finger), "El estómago" (The stomach), "La pierna" (The leg), and "El pie" (The foot). A common expression of pain is "¡Ay! ¡Me duele el pie!" (My foot hurts!).

Social interactions and greetings include temporary expressions such as "Buenos días" (Good morning), "Buenas noches" (Good evening/night), and "Buenas tardes" (Good afternoon). General greetings include "¡Hola!" (Hello!). Personal introductions involve asking "¿Cómo te llamas?" (What is your name?) and responding with "Me llamo…" (My name is…). Responses to meeting someone include "Encantado, encantada" (Delighted), "Igualmente" (Likewise), and "Mucho gusto" (Pleased to meet you). Formal titles are "Señor" ($Sr.$ for Sir/Mr.), "Señora" ($Sra.$ for Madam/Mrs.), and "Señorita" ($Srta.$ for Miss). Inquiring about well-being can be done formally with "¿Cómo está usted?" or familiarly with "¿Cómo estás?". Other variations include "¿Qué pasa?" (What's happening?) and "¿Qué tal?" (How are you?).

Language Functions, Weather, and Calendar

Practical language queries include "¿Cómo se dice?" (How do you say?), with the response "Se dice…" (You say…). To ask for spelling, use "¿Cómo se escribe?" (How is… spelled?), answered by "Se escribe…" (It is spelled…). To ask for definitions, use "¿Qué quiere decir?" (What does… mean?), answered by "Quiere decir…" (It means…). Other essential phrases include "Mañana" (Tomorrow), "¿Cuántos, -as?" (How many?), "En" (In), "Hay" (There is/there are), "Por favor" (Please), and "La estación" (The season).

Weather conditions are described using the question "¿Qué tiempo hace?" (What's the weather like?). Phrases for specific conditions include "Hace calor" (It's hot), "Hace frío" (It's cold), "Hace sol" (It's sunny), "Hace viento" (It's windy), "Llueve" (It's raining), and "Nieva" (It's snowing). The four seasons are "El invierno" (Winter), "El otoño" (Fall), "La primavera" (Spring), and "El verano" (Summer).

Months of the year are: "Enero" (January), "Febrero" (February), "Marzo" (March), "Abril" (April), "Mayo" (May), "Junio" (June), "Julio" (July), "Agosto" (August), "Septiembre" (September), "Octubre" (October), "Noviembre" (November), and "Diciembre" (December). The days of the week are: "El lunes" (Monday), "El martes" (Tuesday), "El miércoles" (Wednesday), "El jueves" (Thursday), "El viernes" (Friday), "El sábado" (Saturday), and "El domingo" (Sunday).

Personal Pronouns and the Verb Gustar

Personal pronouns are the building blocks of Spanish sentences. The singular pronouns are "Yo" (I), "Tú" (You, familiar), "Usted" (You, formal), "Él" (He), and "Ella" (She). The plural pronouns include "Nosotros/as" (We), "Ustedes" (You all), and "Ellos/Ellas" (They, masculine/feminine).

The verb "Gustar," used to express likes, follows a specific structure based on the person receiving the pleasure. The forms are: "Me gusta" (I like), "Te gusta" (You like), "Le gusta" (He/she/it likes), "Nos gusta" (We like), and "Les gusta" (You all like / They like). Note that "Les gusta" serves both the second person plural and the third person plural.

Conjugation and Usage of Ser and Estar

Spanish has two verbs that translate to "to be": Ser and Estar. Their conjugations are distinct. For "Estar," the forms are "Yo estoy," "Tú estás," "Usted, él, ella está," "Nosotros/as estamos," and "Ustedes, ellos, ellas están." For "Ser," the forms are "Yo soy," "Tú eres," "Usted, él, ella es," "Nosotros/as somos," and "Ustedes, ellos, ellas son."

Usage rules differentiate the two verbs based on the permanency or nature of the state being described. "Ser" is used for permanent characteristics, including physical descriptions, occupations, origins, time, relationships, and the location of events. "Estar" is used for temporary or changing states, such as physical location (except for events), conditions, emotions, ongoing actions, and temporary states of being. An illustrative example of this distinction is the difference between "Ella es en la escuela" and "Ella está en la escuela." The former suggests she is a student (a status/occupation), while the latter tells us her physical location at this moment (inside the school building).

Specific contextual examples include: "Yo soy estudiante" (Description/Occupation), "Nosotros estamos en la escuela" (Location), "Ella es alta y simpática" (Description), "Mis padres están en casa" (Location), "Tú eres mi mejor amigo" (Relationship), and "El perro está en el jardín" (Location). Further examples include "La profesora es de México" (Origin), "Mi libro está en la mesa" (Location), "Hoy es lunes" (Time/Date), and "Yo estoy cansado" (Temporary Condition). In some cases, the verb choice changes the meaning of an adjective, such as "Juan es aburrido" (Juan is a boring person) versus "Juan está aburrido" (Juan is feeling bored at this moment).

Grammatical Exercises and Logical Applications

Exercises applying the logic of "Ser" and "Estar" include fill-in-the-blank and True/False questions. For instance, "Mi madre está feliz hoy" (Condition), "Nosotros somos pacientes y amables" (Character trait), and "Madrid está en España" (Location). Logical validation involves identifying errors like "Mis amigos están de Colombia" (Incorrect, should be "son" for origin) or "Yo soy en la clase de arte" (Incorrect, should be "estoy" for location). Correct applications include "El museo está cerca del parque" and "Tú estás nervioso."

In the context of the verb "Gustar" and frequency/agreement words like "también" (also) and "tampoco" (neither), a narrative example follows: Juan introduces himself and shares that he likes to play the guitar and skate ("Me gusta tocar la guitarra y patinar"). Rosa counters that she does not like to skate because it is difficult ("No me gusta patinar"), but she likes to listen to music ("Me gusta escuchar música"). Juan agrees that he also likes to listen to music ("A mí también") and notes he does not like to drink coffee either ("A mí tampoco me gusta tomar café"). In a separate scenario, Jeffrey's brother Adam likes to eat tacos and walk on the beach ("Le gusta comer tacos y pasear por la playa"). Sofia, however, does not like eating tacos ("No le gusta comer tacos"), preferring pizza, though she also likes walking on the beach ("A ella también le gusta pasear por la playa").

Adjective Agreement and Forms

Spanish adjectives must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number (singular/plural) with the nouns they modify. Examples include: "La ensalada de fruta es buena" (feminine singular), "Las clases son divertidas" (feminine plural), and "Las computadoras son prácticas" (feminine plural). If a professor believes fish is not tasty, the phrase is "no es sabroso." Friends who are artistic are referred to as "artísticos," while those who work hard are "trabajadores." Finally, math homework being difficult is described as "La tarea de matemáticas es difícil."