Study Notes on Politics in Ghana II

Course Overview

  • POLI 232: Politics in Ghana II focuses on Ghana's democracy post-1992, constitutional features, and political institutions.

Objectives

  • Understand the 1992 Constitution.
  • Analyze Ghana's democratic journey since 1992.
  • Examine state and non-state institutions' roles in the Fourth Republic.

Lesson 1: Democracy

Definition

  • Democracy: A government system deriving authority from the people; includes accountability.

History of Democracy in Ghana

  • Periods of democratic transition: 1957-1966, 1969-1972, 1979-1981, and post-1992.

The Third Wave of Democracy (Huntington)

  • Three waves of democratization:
    • First Wave (1820s-1926)
    • Second Wave (Mid-1940s-1962)
    • Third Wave (Mid-1970s-1990s): influenced by factors like economic performance and modernization.

Lesson 2: 1992 Constitution

Creation of the Constitution

  • Public consultations and drafting involved various stakeholders.
  • Key manipulations by the PNDC noted during the process.

Features

  • Hybrid system combining presidential and parliamentary features.
  • Excessive executive powers, institutional buffers for rights and freedoms.

Assessment Breakdown

  • Assignments: 20%
  • Quizzes: 20%
  • Final Exam: 60%

Electoral Process in Ghana

Structure

  • Electoral Commission: Ensures fair representation and election integrity.
  • Major elections: Discussed from 1992 to 2020, noting trends like incumbency advantage and political party dynamics.

The Media & Civil Society

Role in Democracy

  • Acts as an informer, watchdog, and empowers civil rights awareness.
  • Key organizations and their functions in political education and election monitoring.

Key Issues in the Fourth Republic

  • Truth and Reconciliation Commission established for justice and accountability.
  • Concerns over political vigilantism, youth engagement, and electoral challenges.