Macromolecules

Macromolecule

Example

Elements Ratio

Function

Monomer/Polymer

Subgroups

Carbohydrates

Mono - glucose, fructose, galactose

Di - sucrose, lactose

Poly - glucogen, starch, cellulose, chitin

Structural - cellulose, chitin

Energy storage - glycogen, starch

CHO

1:2:1

burned as fast fuel

Monosaccharides

Polysaccharides

mono - one sugar group, turns yellow in Benedict’s solution

di - two sugar groups, no color shift

poly - three or more monosaccharides turns black in Lugol’s Solution

Lipids

Saturated fats - butter, meats (animal products)

Unsaturated fats - vegetable oil, almond oil, coconut oil (plant products)

CHO

1:2:little

contain more energy than carbs

long term fuel

Fatty Acids

Triglyceride

saturated - produced by animals/ solid, insulating, saturated/turns brown paper translucent

unsaturated - produced by plants/ liquid, oil in seed makes food for embryo, unsaturated/ turns brown paper translucent

Proteins

meats

fish

beans (legumes)

dairy

CHON

form cell structures

control chemical reactions

Amino acids

Polypeptide

none

composed of amino acids which join to form the protein/turns purple in Biuret solution/enzymes act as catalysts

Nucleic Acids

RNA

DNA

CHONP

storage of genetic information

Nucleotide

DNA

RNA - code for making proteins, makes up nucleolus

DNA - stores genetic information