Macromolecules
9th Grade Biology
Macromolecule | Example | Elements Ratio | Function | Monomer/Polymer | Subgroups |
Carbohydrates | Mono - glucose, fructose, galactose Di - sucrose, lactose Poly - glucogen, starch, cellulose, chitin Structural - cellulose, chitin Energy storage - glycogen, starch | CHO 1:2:1 | burned as fast fuel | Monosaccharides Polysaccharides | mono - one sugar group, turns yellow in Benedict’s solution di - two sugar groups, no color shift poly - three or more monosaccharides turns black in Lugol’s Solution |
Lipids | Saturated fats - butter, meats (animal products) Unsaturated fats - vegetable oil, almond oil, coconut oil (plant products) | CHO 1:2:little | contain more energy than carbs long term fuel | Fatty Acids Triglyceride | saturated - produced by animals/ solid, insulating, saturated/turns brown paper translucent unsaturated - produced by plants/ liquid, oil in seed makes food for embryo, unsaturated/ turns brown paper translucent |
Proteins | meats fish beans (legumes) dairy | CHON | form cell structures control chemical reactions | Amino acids Polypeptide | none composed of amino acids which join to form the protein/turns purple in Biuret solution/enzymes act as catalysts |
Nucleic Acids | RNA DNA | CHONP | storage of genetic information | Nucleotide DNA | RNA - code for making proteins, makes up nucleolus DNA - stores genetic information |