WW1

WW1: war between allies (Britain, France, USA) and central powers (Austria-Hungary, Germany, Japan, Italy but left later). Was caused due to militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism

Nationalism: a loyal patriotic feeling for one’s country. The negative side of this is that it created rivalry, groups that wanted independence

Militarism: Military Power, building of weapons, countries fought to produce more weapons

Alliance: Formal agreement between 2 or more nations to keep peace between them

Imperialism: Taking over land from weaker countries for resources, colonizing weaker lands. Competition for colonies steers mistrust among European nations

Otto Von Bismarck: Wanted to keep peace between Europe and wanted to isolate France and needed to isolate France to support Germany

Kaiser Wilhelm II: Forced to step down from his position 1

Triple Alliance: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Japan, Italy (switched over to Entente later on)

Triple Entente: Britain, Russia, France,

Balkans: Power keg, Balkans wanted independence and they were in Eastern Europe

Franz Ferdinand: Leader of Austria-Hungary, husband of Sophia, and was assassinated by Gavrilo Princip

Gavrilo Princip: Member of the black hand organization and a Serbian nationalist

Schlieffen plan: The German plan to attack France first then rush over to Russia, did not work out

Western Front: Germany moves most forces here

Trench warfare: Fighting in trenches, very terrible

Eastern Front: German-Russian main fighting area

Gallipoli campaign: Plan by allies to capture the Ottoman Empire. Purpose of this was to help Russia

Unrestricted submarine warfare: Germany sank any ships going near Britain to prevent Britain from getting any outside resources and this sunk the Lusitania and did it a few more times

Total war: all dedication from all countries is put into the war; massive competition, government takes over economy and decide food rationality

Rationing: putting limits on food and products and most products and food was going to the war which led to low stock on products and food

Propaganda: One-sided, persuasion, support for war

Armistice: End of fighting, Allies win the war, signed in November 1918

Woodrow Wilson: President of the USA during WW1

Fourteen points: Woodrow wrote 14 treaties after the war 1 and it was for long lasting peace

Self-determination: Allowing people to decide for themselves under what government they wanted

League of Nations: International organization made after war for peace

Russian Revolution: Government in Russia starts being autocratic (One person being in absolute power) and in 1894, Nicholas II becomes Czar (emperor; king), factories double in Russia and steel production boosts, creating railways, Bolsheviks start trending and many people start to believe in Marx ideas

Russo-Japanese war: Russia and Japan compete for Korea’s land

Nicolas II: King of Russia1

Lenin: Leader of the Bolsheviks (later on called the Communist party)

Proletariats: workers of society (EX: Textile worker)

Bloody Sunday: People started protesting for working conditions and got shot at

Rasputin: Known as the “Holy man”, did some kind of spell on Czarina 1

Duma: 1st Russian parliament made by Nicolas but after 10 weeks is gone

March Revolution: Protests about food shortages which makes Nicholas give up his throne

Provisional government: temporary government of Duma made after March Revolution

Soviets: local council of workers, peasants, and soldiers

NEP: New economic policy, allowed peasants to surplus crops. Has some capitalism

Communist party: New name of Bolsheviks and it came from inspiration of Karl Marx

Joseph Stalin: Russian dictator