STRONG ACID

1. Strong Acids:

Strong acids completely ionize in water. Memorizing these is important:

  • Hydrochloric acid (HCl)

  • Hydrobromic acid (HBr)

  • Hydroiodic acid (HI)

  • Nitric acid (HNO₃)

  • Sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄) (only the first hydrogen ionizes completely)

  • Perchloric acid (HClO₄)

  • Chloric acid (HClO₃)

2. Strong Bases:

Strong bases completely dissociate into ions in water. Most of these are hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals:

  • Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

  • Potassium hydroxide (KOH)

  • Lithium hydroxide (LiOH)

  • Calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)₂)

  • Barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)₂)

  • Strontium hydroxide (Sr(OH)₂)

Quick Summary:

  • Strong acids: HCl, HBr, HI, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HClO₄, HClO₃

  • Strong bases: NaOH, KOH, LiOH, Ca(OH)₂, Ba(OH)₂, Sr(OH)₂