Unit 8: The Islamic and Mongolian Empires
the yuan dynasty was replaced by the ming dynasty
it was sought to replace the international nature of mongol rule with triditional chinese isolationsim. They walled themselves from the rest of the rest of the world
confuciansim and the civil service system was reestabilshed
capitial was moved from nanjing to bejing and the forbidden city was the emperors palace and commoners and foeigners were not allowed to enter.
th famous fleet of zheng he was a chiense muslim admirl
people wanted a boy over a gril becuase boys were more powerful
zheng he’s fleet travled to southeast asia, india, arabia, and africa to display power and expand china’s tribute system. The tribute system like the mongols becuase they wanted to be wealthy. Zheng he did his to bring chinese ito a tribute system.
nations send tribute in return for access to chinese goods. Yet, many government officals were critical of the voyages and argued for a return to chinas traditions of isolationsim.
when lightning struck the forbidden city, zheng he’s fleet was destroyed and forgien trade was stricted and regulated. It was believed that gods were mad and sent lightning to the emperors palace.
Manchuria conqured the ming dynasty and established the qing dynasty.
chiense came to support the qing dynasty becuase they upheld triditional beliefs such as confucianism and isolationism. The civil service system was kept and they pursued isolationsim.
following the collapse of the mongol empire the turks came known as ghazis. Osman who was the founder of the turks began building a muslim state in anatolia in the ottoman empire. Osman expanded his state into a empire.
Constantinople fell and empire pushed into eastern europe.
the ottoman were able to expand so successfully because they used cannons and guns while other places were still fighting with sowards. This was a huge advancement for their time. (New human history from the mongols.)
Mehmed II broke through the city’s famous walls, turned into the higa sophia into a mosque, and renamed the city istanbul.
mehmet idolized alexander the great.
the ottoman empire would achieve its greatest sucess under the leadership of suleyman the magnificent(had many names). Turks exanded into north africa and europe. (peak under suleyaman)
creating a law code code and earned the titled the lawgiver. He encouraged literature, math, and science as well as architecture. The most famous example of the latter is the mosque of suleyman
the ottoman empire however it began to decline uon the death of suleyaman. one reason for this decline would be the low quality of sultans.
the low quality of sultans was a result of policies that were designed to avoid succession conflicts.
harem (women to carry babies) gavve birth to a son, they become a sultana. Their sons were placed, in order of their both, in the line of succession.
all of these sons however were imprisoned in “the cage” to avoid the threat of a coup. When the sultan died the older son was released from the cage and named the new sultan. The would then have all of his younger brothers killed. This was bad becuase they were all mentally unstable with no education or any sense on how to govern. The cage was made essentially beause the fathers didn’t trust that their sons wouldn’t kill them for power.
Mughals people descended from the turks and mongolos gained power and took control of india
mughal empire achieved it’s greatness under Akbar(the great)
Akbar the great is known for his tolerance. The mughal conquest resulted in terrbile violence between muslims and hindus. Akbar, however, allowed religous freedom, appointed hindus to wrok in his government and he even married hindu women. This gave him his title, Akbar the Great.
Akbar’s grandsom is best known for the tomb he built for his dear wife, Taj Mahal.
He expanded in the mughal empire to its greatest size. Brothers had to fight for power. Fighting brought strength to the empire becuase whoever won, was the strongest for power.
Akbar=Tolerant
Aurangeb=intolerant
Aurangeb is best known for being intolerant. He was a miliant muslim who outlawed drinkning and gambeling and forced people to pray 5 times a day. He dissmissed hinuds from the government, banned construction of the hindu temples and destoryed hindu monuments such as the pre-exsisting temple.
Auranzeb’s polices increased hindu resistance to his rule and resulted in a series of rebellions and civil wars.