2.2 cell organelles I

RIBOSOMES

small structures composed of rRNA and proteins. found on both the rough ER or free floating and is involved in protein synthesis

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

network of tubular canals connected to the nuclear envelope. its surface is studded in ribosomes and together they produce/modify proteins that will be exported from the cell

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

network of tubular canals. does not contain ribosomes. it is associated with lipid/steroid production instead and is found in abundance in hormone glands

VACUOLE

large membrane-bound sacklike organelle that acts as storage of water, salts, proteins, carbs and wastes in cell. vacuoles are specialized in other types of eukaryotic cells (plants have 1 large vacuole that can occupy 90% of a cells volume, giving it rigidity known as turgor pressure)

VESICLES

look and behave like tiny vacuoles, they’re often used to transport compounds around the cell (especially those that require cytoplasm separation)

GOLGI APPARATUS

temporarily stores and modifies materials before packaging them into secretory vesicles (they’ll export the materials out the the cell surface)

LYSOSOMES

membrane-covered vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes (produced by the golgi apparatus) it’s role is to digest food particles, destroy and/or recycle malfunctioning organelles or even destroy the cell itself if necessary

PEROXISOMES

small membrane-enclosed organelles similar in appearance to lysosomes. contains hydrogen peroxide and helps with fatty acid digestion/metabolism

MITOCHONDRIA

contains membrane-bound cell organelles that generate most of chemical energy needed to power the cells biochemical reactions. it consists of two layers: inner and outer membrane

the inner fluid filled space: called the matrix. the matrix contains ribosomes/enzymes that help break down glucose even further releasing energy and creating ATP

inner membrane: has deep folds called cristae. cristae increases surface area within the mitochondria accommodating more space for ATP production

(the mitochondria has its own DNA passed down from the mother’s egg only)