Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard PAES 601:2016 - General Irrigation Terminologies

The Philippine Agricultural Engineering Standard (PAES) 601:2016 is focused on General Irrigation Terminologies.
Initiated by the Agricultural Machinery Testing and Evaluation Center (AMTEC).
Funded by the Philippine Council for Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry and Natural Resources Research and Development (PCAARRD-DOST).
Prepared following BPS Directives Part 3:2003 for International Standards.
Distinguishes between mandatory ("") and recommended ("should") requirements.

Key documents include:
- FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 56: Crop Evapotranspiration.
- ASABE Soil and Water Terminology publications.
- Department of Agriculture guidelines and reports on irrigation practices.
- Various FAO guidelines on irrigation management and water requirements.

Defines terms crucial for classifying, planning, designing, and operating irrigation systems.

Access Areas: Publicly accessible landscapes like parks and schoolyards.
Active Storage: Volume of water in a reservoir between minimum and normal levels.
Actual Crop Evapotranspiration: Evapotranspiration rate influenced by soil water levels, salinity, etc.
Algal Bloom: Proliferation of algae in water bodies that can produce harmful toxins.
Application Efficiency: Ratio of water infiltrated into the root zone to the amount applied.
Aquifer: Geological formation that can store and transmit water.
Basin Irrigation: Surface irrigation method where water is applied to a level area retained by dikes.
Border Irrigation: Irrigation using parallel strips guiding water flow down slopes.
Crop Coefficient (Kc): Ratio comparing actual crop evapotranspiration to potential evapotranspiration.
Effective Rainfall: Rainfall that directly benefits crops, excluding losses from runoff.

Conveyance Efficiency: Measure of how effectively water is transported to an agricultural area.
Drip Irrigation: Method delivering water directly at low rates, optimizing usage close to plant roots.
Hydraulic Jump: Sudden change in water flow velocity creating turbulence in open channels.
Seepage: Water escaping through conveyance facilities, affecting irrigation efficiency.
Sprinkler Irrigation: Employs pipes and pumps to distribute water in a manner similar to rainfall.
Wastewater: Liquid waste that contains pollutants from various sources.

Diversion Dam: Structure to raise water levels for irrigation.
Embankment Dam: Barrier constructed for water storage with appropriate slope considerations.
Freeboard: Additional height in dam structures as a precaution against overtopping.

Land Preparation Water Requirement: Water needed for initial soil saturation.
Watershed: Area that drains water into a specific reservoir.

The PAES 601:2016 standard is essential for comprehending terminologies and practices in irrigation engineering, impacting agricultural efficiency and resource management.