Living World Religion Exam 2 Monte Cox
Muslim statistics:
There are at least 50 nations with Muslim majorities
There are approximately 2.0 billion Muslims in the world
Between 65-70% of Arab-Americans identify as Christian
Ka’aba’s origins
Means cube
What was Dr. Cox’s main point about the Arabian Peninsula?
Islam was about to fill a major political and religious system
____ idols are worshipped at Ka’aba, which is located in the city of ____.
360, Mecca
What year did Muhammah marry Khadija?
595 CE
What year was the Night of Power?
610 CE
What year did Muhammah flee to Medina?
622
What is the year 0 on the Muslim calendar?
622 CE
What is the year 2025 on the Muslim calendar?
1446
What does AH stand for?
Year of Hijra
What does Caliph mean?
Successor
Which of the contested caliphs right after Muhammad burned all variants of the Qur’an?
Uthman
T or F: Shi’as believe that Muhammad appointed Husayn, son of Ali, as his successor.
False
“Qur’an” means ____ and “Iqraa” means____
Recitation, recite
The Qur’an is ____ chapters, which is about ____ of the length of the New Testament
114, ⅘
T or F: Those who have memorized the entire Qur’an are known as “hafiz” or “hafiza”
True
Abrogation
A later revelation in the Quran triumphs an earlier one
T or F: Jesus is mentioned 27 times in the Quran
True
T or F: The Qur’an mentions the virgin birth
True
T or F: The Qur’an believes Jesus wasn’t crucified, it was just someone who looked like him
True
T or F: The Qur’an denies Jesus as part of the Trinity
True
T or F: The Qur’an says Jesus isn’t God and isn’t equivalent to him in any way
True
T or F: The Qur’an tells of Jesus speaking as an infant, coaxing clay birds into flight
True
T or F: The Qur’an says that Jesus predicted the coming of the “praised one”
True
T or F: Muslims accept the Torah, Psalms, Gospels, and Qur’an but not unconditionally
True
Islam means____ and Muslim means ____.
Submission, one who submits
What is the worst sin according to the Qur’an?
Shirk (idolatry)
6 Islamic Articles of Faith
Belief in God
Belief in the prophets and messengers of God
Belief in God’s angels
Belief in God’s revealed books
Belief in the Day of Judgement
Belief in the divine will or predestination
5 pillars of Islam
Confession- There is no God but Allah; and Muhammad is his prophet.
Prayer- 5x facing Mecca
Alms- 2.5% of income
Hajj- Pilgrimage to Mecca (1 per lifetime if possible)
Fasting- during Ramadan
What is the Shahada?
There is no God but Allah; Muhammad is his prophet
The festival of _____ celebrates the end of Ramadan
Eid-ul-Fitr
The festival of _____ coincides with the Hajj
Eid-al-Adha
How does one convert to Islam?
Simply confess the shahada and mean it
What is the difference between low religion and high religion?
High: truth, questions ultimate meaning of life, origins
Low: folk, power, questions well-being, guidance, success or failure
Science: contro;, questions how to
What percent of Muslims are Sunni (“way of life”)
85%
Halal means ____ and haram means _____
permitted ; forbidden
Why do Muslim extremists hate America and her allies?
American support of Israel
American invasion of Holy Lands
American immorality
What are “Fivers”?
“Zaidis” believed Zaid was the rightful heir and last imam
What are “Seveners”?
“Ismailis” Believed Ismail was the rightful imam
What are “Twelvers”?
Believe that the 12th imam will return as Madhi
What are “Sufis”
Muslim mystics, best known for the whirling dervishes
What is the Salafi Movement?
“Salafiya” Initiated by Ibn Abd al-Wahhab, associated with Osama bin Laden
Malcolm X (Malcolm Little, Malik Shabazz) and Louis Farrakhan were prominent leaders in what US Islamic movement?
Nation of Islam
Points of Contrast between Islam and Christianity
Nature of the Bible vs Nature of the Qur’an
Different understanding of the attributes of God
Conviction about identity of Jesus
“Santana dharma” means
Eternal duty
Bhakti means….
Devotion
Rig means….
Hymn
What is Indra the god of?
Weather and king of the gods
What is Agni the god of?
Fire and he is especially connected to priests
What is Varuna the god of?
Heavenly morality and order
What is Soma the god of?
Hallucinogens
What are rig-, yajur-, and sama- known as?
The three-fold Veda
Pujas or ____ are dedicated to the gods in temple and at home
Acts of Worship or sacrifices
What does Sannyasin mean?
Renouncer
What does Upanishads mean?
Sittings near a teacher
What does self denial in Hinduism mean and how does it compare to self-denial in Christ?
H: Deny all individuality
C: Deny things that taint our individuality
Which Hindu guru did Dr. Cox meet in Memphis?
“Ana the hugging saint”
What does Kathenotheisn mean?
One-god-at-a-time-ism
Who is Devi?
An amalgamation of all goddesses
Define Brahman-Atman
True reality (Brahman) and the individual soul (atman) are ultimately one
Define monism
God is everything and everything is God
Define dharma
Duty as determined by caste
Define karma
Link between deeds and consequences
Define maya
All experience is illusion
Define samsara
The cycle of reincarnation
Define moksha
Salvation; done with reincarnation
Define yoga
The way
Define avatar
An incarnation of deity
What are the 5 castes of Hinduism?
Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, Sudra, Dalits
What does Harijan mean?
Illegitimate children
What is Diwali?
Festival of lights
What is Holi
Colored powder festival (coming of spring)
What is Kumbh mela?
Largest religious gathering at River Ganges
Points of contact between hinduism and christianity
All-pervasiveness of the Divine
Spiritual v. Material focus
Principle of reaping and sowing
Which Islamic sect is a minority of Shi’ite Mulsims and mainly lives in Syria
Alawites
Which sect's acronym was “Islamic Resistance Movement” and means “zeal”?
Hamas
Which Islamic sect is a Sunni Islamist rebel faction who overthrew Syrian Dictator on December x, 2024?
Ha’yat Tahrir al-Sham (HST)
Which Islamic sect means “disciple” which is made up of ultra-conservative Pashtun tribal people…
Taliban
Bhagavad Gita
Arjuna is going to war and he is fighting against some of his cousins. He doesn’t want to fight, but it is duty to and Krishna reminds him of that. Turns out, Krishna is Vishnu and Arjuna ends up killing his family