10 Scientist and contributions

  • Robert Hooke – First described cells

  • Antonie van Leeuwenhoek – First to observe microorganisms

  • Louis Pasteur – Germ theory, pasteurization, disproved spontaneous generation

  • Joseph Lister – Antiseptic surgery

  • Lazzaro Spallanzani – Disproved spontaneous generation with broth experiments

  • Edward Jenner – First vaccine (smallpox)

  • Robert Koch – Koch’s postulates (link microbes to disease)

  • John Tyndall – Heat-resistant microbes, sterilization methods

  • Dmitri Ivanovsky – Discovered viruses

  • Martinus Beijerinck – Defined viruses as “filterable agents”