Lit terms

1. Fiction – prose writing that tells about imaginary characters and events. Short stories and novels are examples of this type of writing. Some writers base their writing on actual events and people, adding invented characters, dialogue, settings, and plots. Other writers rely on imagination alone.

2. Novel – a long work of fiction – It contains such elements as characters, plot, conflict, and setting. The writer (novelist) develops these elements. In addition to a main plot, it may contain one or more subplots, or independent, related stories. It may also have several themes.

3. Novella – a work of fiction that is longer than a short story but shorter than a novel.

4. Short Story – a brief work of fiction. Like a novel, it presents a sequence of events, or plot. The plot usually deals with a central conflict faced by a main character, or protagonist. The events usually communicate a message about life or human nature. This message, or central idea, is the story’s theme.

5. Plot – sequence of events in which each event results from a previous one and causes the next. In most novels, dramas, short stories, and narrative poems, it involves both characters and a central conflict.

6. Exposition – introduces the setting (the time and place of the story), the characters, and the basic situation (conflict is often introduced at the end of this part of the plot).

7. Rising Action – events that increase the tension.

8. Climax – the turning point in the story. It is the high point in the action of the plot. It is the moment of greatest tension when the outcome of the plot hangs in the balance.

9. Falling Action – is the part of a story when the conflict lessens; events that follow the climax.

10. Resolution – is the story’s conclusion; final outcome is achieved; loose ends are tied up.

11. Character – a person or an animal that takes part in the action of a literary work. The main, or major, one is the most important one in a story, poem, or play. A minor one is one who takes part in the action but is not the focus of attention.

12. Setting – the time and place of the action. It includes all the details of a place and time – the year, the time of day, even the weather.

13. Theme – central message, concern, or purpose in a literary work. It can usually be expressed as a generalization, or a general statement, about human beings or about life. It is not a summary of its plot.

14. Point of View – the perspective, or vantage point, from which a story is told. It is either a narrator outside the story or a character in the story. 1. Flashback – A scene within a story that interrupts the sequence of events to relate events that occurred in the past.

2. Foreshadowing – The author’s use of clues to hint at what might happen later in the story.

3. External Conflict – One in which a character struggles against some kind of outside force, such as another person. Another one may occur between a character and some force in nature.

4. Internal Conflict – It takes place within the mind of a character. The character struggles to make a decision, take an action, or overcome a feeling.

5. First-person point of view – Told by a character who uses the first-person pronoun “I.”

6. Third-person point of view – There are two kinds, limited and omniscient. This is called “third person” because the narrator uses third-person pronouns such as he or she to refer to the characters.

7. Third-person limited point of view – The narrator relates the inner thoughts and feelings of only one character, and everything is viewed from that character’s perspective.

8. Third-person omniscient point of view – The narrator knows and tells about what each character feels and thinks.