Untitled Flashcards Set


unit 5 reveiw (1844-1877)

• overall i causes /effects of civil warwestward expansion

Mantfest Desting

* deeply rooted in Americans → Americans beleived they had a god-given to posess a natiotion from the Atlantic → Pacific → it would grant them more natura Vmineral resources

→ afford more econonamic approtun itics for settlers → religars refuge for those seeking suen freedoms

• lexas: by 1830 → 3x as many mexican

→ majority were protestant: brought the institution o

staven with ther

1829: Mexican gou declare

→ conversian to roman catholicism, ou Hawed slaven

→ Americans denied → Mexico Skout down border

→ Americans kept commg in anyways

→ 1835→ tension f→Texans revote

→texans captured leader of Mex and forced him to singn a treaty of independance

→ texas applied forstatehood→ rejecter

  • Oregon Territory → both british/ us shared territory

  • british = fur trade, but few lived there, mainly america

  • Election of 1845: James k. Polk(manifest destiny)
    → campaign promises : texas, oregon, Cali L outgoing pres (John Tyler) annex ed texas → polk split Oregon (49th paralell)

  • Effect of Annexation of Texas

  • Mexican-American war (Am=Ro Grande Mex=nueces)
    → Polk sent Taylor to advance troops to RiG
    → April 25h 1848, war began → us caputered mexico coby

→ Ended w/Treaty Of Guadeloupe Hidalgo (1848)

→ria grandes granted mexican cecession calignew mes



• Kansas -Nebraska Act 1854) -Asoon eligble to apply for stateho → divided Nebraska Territory into tavasections (kansas, ved)

→ Slaven question would be decided by pop soureignt

→north madas it overturned Mrssour Comp

→bethere was supposed 2b no Slaver above

• Fig between anti/pro slavery factions

spather

→ "Bleeding Kansas" → missourians fledinto voting /same wa pf

→hotmess →feuled divisions

→effect of kAlU: birth of the republican part

→ both free soil/whigs/ dems → wanted to stap spres

Events that Fouled Sectional Divisions

Supreme cour

→ Dred Scott v. Stanford (1857); S cott suedtor hi

→overall: Stavery, could exist anywhere in Us

• John Brown: 1859→led raid at napers ferry

→ goal was to seize weapong/amunition and arm the slave s

→ effect: southerns tho

tre true intention of southern miner

w/ rebellions

• Election of 1860

→ Northern Dems: Douglas, Republicans = Lincoln

→ he won wio south.

Cecession

Deffect: southern cecession

•first to secede + South Carolina (18 60) → otners fell

→ Became Confiderate States of American

L wrote constitution limit fed power+slavery!

Civil war → began Fort Sumter

Ifew other states joined confed


• overall: not every state suceeded had slavery

Strategies of The Gruit War

  • licoln → explicitly save the Union

  • Southem Advantages
    → fighting a defensive war
    → better generals(roberte. Lee/Jackson)

  • Norther Advantages

→ larger population

→ robust haw

→ economic (home to banks/railroads)

Lowell established central gov vs south relied on states

• Union Strategy

→used Snavy toform a blockade of southemseapors

→ eventually gained control ot MRI

-Cut condfed Y2

→ Knaun as the Anaconda Plan

«Confed Strategy

they found

#relied on foreion countries (Britian/France) - esewre

4i they beleived "king cotton" would convince

  • September 22nd, 1862-Emancipation Proclamatio
    → prociamed that all enslaved peaple in the rebeiliou territories would be tree van is+ nextyea → hawever slavery remained in barder states

  • Effect of Proclomation: made war abt abcout abolish slaver → convinced britian not to send aid to south be recent past empowered enslaved blacks to free their plantations
    and join up with The unio anm/

Rising Victory for Union

• Battledt Vicksburg

→ eut confed in

hagnanted hart controll over MAU

• Battle of Gettysburg → incoin tried to unit the country and portray struggle w/slavery as fufillment of America (alimen =)


  • Ulysees S, Grant + became commanding general of the Union
    burning and devistating land

  • Result: General Lee surrendered to General Grant at the Appomattor Courthouse → 1805 (war over!)

Reconstruction

" Union-should south be treated with Leniana, or conquered

• Lincoln → lenianey Che beleived south never left be illegal)

re admit

→atleast 10% of States papulation must swear an

reguiกลก

oath at alegiance to Union/ Cons

→ must ratify the 13th Amendment whieh abolish staver

the was assasinated

• Andrew Johnsens Plan → he was Challenged ly radical repubr pushed hard for civil rights for black peoples

→ Jonson vetoed legislation from bath

→ presidential→ congressional (republican led)

*Civil Rights Act 1886 - proclaimed all black peopl

Nere allierally eitizens of US→vetoed by Jonson camara.

→ 14m Amendment: all citizens bon or INationgs citizens

→ Reconstruction Abls; divided south to 5 zones w/ cones male sease

• Impeachmont of Johnson:

trial/precess to remove someone from office

L tenure of office Act(1887): president could not remove a member at his cabinent without congressional

"Le Jonson fired his secretary of war-radical republican

approval

→ one vote short or removin himfrom offic

• Passage of 15th Amendment: protect voting rights af slave



• Society in the Seuth


• free blacks came to terms with their realities


• Established Black Schools/Leaming


→ Morehouse, Howard Colleges


• South Still needed laborers


→ provided blacks w/congress to Similar to slavery


• Sharecropping → land lord provided far suppliesfo


a share of the harvest


• White Supremacy → continued to dominate


→kk:secret organized to terrorize blackinto sulamissa

formed in 1887, burned, lynched


→ they also hated catholics fimmigrants/Jews


→ Southern legislatures adapted black codes


prevented black from borrowing money to buy


land and prevented them from even owning land


• 1877: end of Reconstruction →election


→ Tilden u. Hays won → democrats threatened


4 Compromise of 1877; demacrats allowed Hayesto have


the presidency in return for the removal of fed troops


from south

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APUSH: Unit 6 Reveiw

(1885-1898) These got me a 5 on the AP

coverall: indostrilization) artanization westward migration

Rise of Industrial Capitaliam

  • Bailroads: massive extension → national market for goods → encouraged mass production/ consumption
    → connected east west (provided means for west exp)
    →uNeb→Cali.

  • Panic of 1893 → 1/4 of railroads filed for bankruptoy → by 1900(213 controlled iDy 7)

"Tech Process for Railroads: Bessemer Process-enabied manu to produce high quality/qualities of steel

  • Steel Industry → Adrew Camegie
    → Verticle Integration: one comp controlls ever stage of the monutacturing process (mining→aelivery

  • Oil Industry → John D. Rockefeller (Standard OiU
    → controlled 90% of Oil industry
    → horizontal integration: buying aut all competitors until
    there is none left

  • over ali economic enviornment → Laissez-Faire Capitalism

  • goverment is very "hands off" with gespect to burshess →rooted in Adam smith; argued against gou having mercantalist systems wanted decisions w/indivi

→ Social-Danwinism: wealth in hands of weatthiest

→ Camegies Gospel of wealth, argued those with wealth rad a god-given duty to invest their wealth back into

→ donated B50 mill ta publicspace

societ

Critisism of Econ Enviomment

• 1890: Sherman Anti-Trust Act made suchactivHy illegal

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Societal Changes Due to Industr/ crowth

  • Overall: raised Standard of livings yet also sharphy divided classes

  • Growing Middle-ClaSS
    L new "white-colar work." : Salesmen and managers

  • Laboring Glass
    L lauwages, worked b days a week, women/children as + • Labor Union Sömost work was dangeras and exhausting → power for negotiation was in the hands of corporation
    "immigrant filled laboring class issues
    → formed large labor union →employers hadtolisten

  • Examples...
    → Great Railroad Strive (1877): result of wage cuts →went on Strike in States, shut 60% railroads → Hayes sent in troaps to calmviolence → Pullman Strike (Chicago): cut wages, union workers tried to negotiate ither got fired
    → Eugene V, Debs: leader Of American Railroad Union Loveral eated is members to not work on puliman

  • Major Unions:
    → Knights of Labor: 1881 - national /diverse

  • → goals: abolish child labor, destroy trusts/monopolies L Haymarket Square Rioti88@→ put violent rep hiois
    → American Federation of Labor (AF.L): led by Samuel Canpes → goals: higher wages better working condition

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mimigraton Daring 2nd Half 19th LeXHUN

  • Overall: US population basically tripled (16 mill)

  • Most = euros (Irishuscand German) → why?

→ grawing paventu in their countries → overcrouding and jobless-ness

L flezing religous persecution

  • Why American →land of liberty and opprotunity

  • Backlash:
    → Labor Unions: filled /solved their cause
    → Notivists: paricy of protecting the interests of those
    → American Protective Association: anti-cathaiic

native -born

→ Social Danvinists: beleived immigrants= racially hierior

Farther westward Mignation

  • 1865 → pushed west post-civil, 19th century fronteir settled

  • Gold Rush → chinesefolks pop f
    La nativists pressured congress to do something abt it → Chinese Exclusien Act 1882: barred further imm

" New Cattle →railroad facilitated

→although, overgrading land/ homesteaders -teattle drives stage

  • Homestead Act 1802 → facilitaded movement/settlement west
    Hoffred 160 acress free for those who would settle

  • 1890: fronteir was offically settled

  • broke treaty w/Indians -topened up Oklahoma Territor

  • Frederick Tamer: argued colsing fronteir = bad bc expansion was in our blood

• Reservation systems: indians assisned to tracts of land wi striet poundaries


Indian Response

  • Siaux Wars + caused by Indian Appropration Act which ended federal recongnition of the soureighty of indiannations
    Leventually went under gou controll

  • Ghost Danxe Movement: dance would return ancesters to drive white people away
    →1890: Woanded Kee→ indian resistance =over

* Assimilationist Movement: attempt to end indian culture by forcing them to assimilate to American values

→ Dawes Act (1887): broke up tribal organizations, kept them from assimilating to American culture

→ divided tribal lands into 160 acre plots they could have citizenship if they live there

Nestward Migration; Economics

  • farmers in north/west →trely on single cash cropscwneat and com| → sold in international markets

  • Process of farming → rely on machinery powered by steam engines put smaller farmers aut of buisness, they couldnt affard

  • overall: industrial + made sure prices remained his on manufactured goods upon wnich farmers relied to live

  • railroad comps + charged unnaturally high prices

  • Farmers gathered *

→ National Grange Movement (1868): Social and eductional collective aimed at bringing farmers together

-against trusts/railroad exploitation, price gauging

→ Interstate commerce Act 1886: legally


Loversea that process interstate commerce commi sial

•Cities= pop*

4 Urbanization went hand in hand with industrilization laboring class +lived in disease -prane tenements

→ Suburbanization →mainly midle class abundant land/cheap

Urban Political Parties

•Politica) Machine: carrupt organization of political bosses and therr followers + Tammany Hall

L met'needs" of immigrants and urban poor → helped people to have political heaf

  • Urbanization → societal changes

  • Middle Class → demanded leisure as an escape from work
    → Joseph Pulitzer: NY World → theaters, PT bamum circus
    → rise of spectator sports

Reform for Suffering inCHis

  • Settlement Houses: provided Social Services to poor

  • Hall House: established by Jane Adams (188 - taught vocational /educational training to immigrants

(INAUSE)

L1890* Elizabeth Cady Stanton / Susan B. Anthony 9 formed National American womens Suff AssaGiation b worked tirelessly to secure franchise to vote ")

- Temperance: 1874 - Womens christian Temperance Union

→ Anti-Saloon Leuge 1893: wanted to close down

boars and saloon


  • Comy A. Nation: grabbed hatonet hacking at bottles in bars

  • Social Gospel: progressive parts of the era

*Christion principles aught to be applied to scietal → protestant preachers crusaded for social justicewrange for the poor

• Artists

→ Literature: adoption of realism

→ Mark Twain: depicted corruption, violence racism

→ Painters: Mother sitting →realism

→ Aranitects: Frank Lloyd wright pioneered a natural style of arenclines/featares of enviorment)

South

• beggining: south was diff than other places

HHeary Grady : hew sauth"

→ based on economic diversity and industrial grou → some southern cities began growing as industrial

→ became # textile manu

*Populationt, railroadst → only in a few places in salth everywhere else (racist agricultural econ)

→ segregated well between white/black

→ Pessy V. FerugSon (1896): 'seperate but equal"

  • wave of new segregation laus + Tim crow

  • →all public places segregates, prevented black ppl From serving on jurie!

  • Besistance.

→ 1da B. Wells: newspaper went against lynching/dimera → Henry Turner: 1894- International Migration Society

→ facilifated migration of blacks *Arica


→ Booker T. Washington i trained other blackmen to become economically self sufficent

Politics → hands -off, very corupted

  • overall: widespread pelerf inlimited gov and larsez faire
    → very little go interention

  • Major Parties→republicans/dems
    → Republicans: Blacks, middle class bursnessmen, Protestant

4 DemocratS: big City political macnines, immigrants

  • Overall issuses:
    → civia servic money tarrifs

  • Civil Senuice: critisim post assasination of Garfeld

→ Pendelton Act 1881 → sought to correct payster → created competitive examinationtor civil ser

• Money

jobs

→ farmers: wanted more paper money (borrow more laver.)

Walso wanted unlimited coinageat silver

→ bankers/investors→rejected this wanted Goid Stanle

→ money is better to hold its value under inflation

• Tarifs

→ industry sfarmers + consumers x

→ •Populist Party: wanted to correct economic power nel

by banks and

bomana Plateam cutlined political/econ reforms

→ Populists →direct election of senators grad ince

snrwor

intratives/ refferendom, unlimited coinage silve

• Election 1896→ demised populist influence

Idespite →uckinley won (gold found in alaskas

+ happyrepub + 90108

→ happy deme dincrease money suppl


Unit 7 Beweiw (1890 - 1945)

  • Overall: rural turban economy, rise of imperialism, progressivh two world wars, great depression rise of pop culture American Imperialism

  • Imperialism expansion of a nations empire →moung west was our manifest destiny

*Iredenick Jackson tumer → Significance of the tranteir

→ argued westward expansion =crucial part of our ident

•People began to look for otners to take land

→ purchase of Alaska 1887 (russian econ bunden)

→ Sewards Faily-Anoth

Debates Over Exparsion

  • Imperialists: Sought further expansion wanted more sources for raw materialS+markets → Social Darwinism:flex national mussles on international → Josiah Strong: angued that white people=fittest zsun → Alfred Manan ("Influence of Sea Paver Upon History")
    Largued the importance of naving a strong navy

  • new fleet ships

  • Anti-Imperialisto:
    → Self-Determination for all nations → isolationism inforeign affairs

Spanish-American war

• Cuba= nighly desined →aut it was a Spanish colonists

41895: cuban nationalist renewed struggle to auer thau

  • Tellow Journalist → dramat ised spanish etrocities in Cuba → convinced American intervention was humanitarian

  • 1898: USS Maine exploded in Havana Harbour


  • Mckinley » demanded a cease fire in Cuba or war → asked congress to declare war on Spain

  • Effect of War/Americanwin:
    Haquisition of Canribean/Pacific Islands
    → Philipines: staged land invasion w/heip of philipino nation poon sun than

navy 216011 and pared 2omill

→kut phil =tar

  • 1898→ push to annex hawii
    →1893: over threw Dueen Lilukolani

  • Peurto Rico also became OS

  • Anti→ passesion a app-race territory = Pisky

  • → get America entangled w/ Asian contlicis

  • Filipino Response: mod→granted indep 1946

Economic Tasties w/ Exparsion

• John -Hay's Open Door Palicy: saw econ apps in China → others had spheres of influence exelusive trading)

→ opened trade

Domestic

  • 1901→ Mckiniey=assosinated
    → UP became president (Redsevent)

  • TR's big stick diplomacy → agressive fareign policy
    → got Us involved in a number of 1 aftare

  • PanamaCahal

  • Roosevelt Gorollary to Monroe Doctrine
    Lisend warships to other countries to enforce re-par

Progressive Ero

• overall→ Rosevelt → Taft


  • Issues of Progressives:
    Irising power of big buisness, uncertanties in the coon violence between labor groups and employers, influenced palitical machines, Jim crow seg rights of womer

  • Progressives = Diverse (protestants) feminists, black)
    overding tied beleif: vigorous governmental = good society

  • Mackrackers→ called by Teddy Roosevent
    → depicted the reality of society
    → Ida Tarbell: Stardard Oil realitier
    → Jacob Rees: photojournal St→ urban conditions
    → Uption Sinciair (""ungle") : expose ansare/sanitan, Taue Loverall: wanted to alert public of Societal inequities

  • Voter Participation → wanted to be put backintoppl
    → Secret Ballot: privacy w/ voting
    → Direct Election of Senators: 17th Amend
    → Initiative/ Befferendum/Fiecall: mone direct invoivement

  • Efficency of Govemment;
    → Frederick Taylor: Scientific Managment w/factory wark

" Civil Bights"

→ south: lynching

→ Booker T. washington: political equality hrougecen

→ W.E-B Du Bois: econ equalitvs political first

→ Niagra Movement: led by Dubais - protest/act A rights

4 NAACP: Sought to abolish all forms of segregation


Progressive Presidents.

  • Teddy Rosevelt: wanted to set legislative agenda A congress

  • passed Several new laws seurrounding consumer protection

→ Passed pure Food and Drug Act: ensured consumers

→ Meat Inspection Acti set standards for meatpackin

→ Forest Reserve Ac+ 1891: preserue 1B0 mill acres fed land

→also enforced Sherman Anti lanti- big corps)

good trusts: honest practices-only regulate

→ bad trusts: deceptive practices

→ Square Deal: caused by Strike Coal luiners → deal for both workers and corps

  • William Howard Taft: continued roosevelts polieies

  • woodrau Wilson(1912): fight against priviege (tarrifs)banking)

  • Tarrits → Underwoodilowered]

→ Banks → argued gold standard as inflexible

271917. Federal Reserve Act-established banking syten

→ Trusts: broize even more → clayton Anti-Trust

Lelarified/strengthened Sherman

Women During Progressive Fra

  • Temperance
    → Anti - Saloon Leuge → 18th Amendment= passed prohibitin°

  • Womans Suffrage
    Mprotests → ratified 19th Amendment (womens righo to ae)

"World Wan

•Cause: of Stayed neutral

→ Sinking of Lusitania (1915): sunk by German

→ Germany continued sinking

L Zimmerman Telegram: germany asked mexico 2 bally


• April 2nd 1917 → wilson asked congress for War

LExpiditionary American Forces + led DI Jonn V. Pershins

Lhelped allies win despite limited involvement

Home Front Daring WWI

  • Wilson → wartime agencies, centralized prices control of railroads & migration z urban centers Great luigratior
    4Black Southeners came north seekingjobs-1.5mi11

  • Restriction of Civil Liberties
    → Espionage Act of 1917: rebellion over war ettort simp → unconstitutional? → Schenku. Us-madeit constitution

→ Sedition Act of 19i8 : phobited disioyal commentsabt çou

End af wWI

•Treaty of Versaille L1919)

→Wrison wanted 14 pornts (provision for seas, self-determination of nations, Leuge of Nations - collective

→ US senate didn + approve ac

Dody where hations could be pull into war

  • Anti-German sentiment became anti - communist
    → Red Scare: feared commusismfrom Russie
    Lled to widespread xenephobia (fear of foreign)

  • Further Immigration Bestrictions
    → Palmer Raids: tasked hoover to gather into ontomm
    →over 0j000 people arrested deporte

Politres in 1920s

  • progressivism over → Harding elected apublica)
    Ihe promised a return to nomallcy

  • next 3 repuls → reduced gou intervention


Economics in the 1920s

• Positives reconomic boom

→ Standard af INms increase

→ burgness boomed (Scientific Mang

WHenry Fords assembly line -texplosion of automan

→increased use of ail /electricity-pawer factories and

provide fuel for automobiles

→go poliey (tax cuts /laissez faire)

Calture in 1920s

• 1/2 of Americans Lived in Cities tubanization

→ Middie - Glass wamen: homemakers bare children

Urban wanen

→ Homemakers: more opps (nursing teaching)

→ Flappers: dranks, short hair, rebells

* Immigrants pastwar → Catholies /Jews

Lanoter backlash in natursm (bar4 unions

→ Immigration luatas 1921/24s restricted caster/euroras

  • New forns of Art/Lit
    → "The Lost Generation' + Gertrude Stein
    → Fitzgerald
    bnorthern blacks → Harlem Benicance (result greatnis)
    → 3ozz(buke cilignton), weal Hur+(1i4)

  • Mass Cuture:
    Iradio: 1/3 0f Amerreans ased → moules: mass entertainment

  • Amertiran values

→ growing divisions of protestants (rural vurban)

→ fundamentalist, wasnt well backed up


Great Depression

  • Stock Market Collapsed + Oct 29th, 1929 (Black Tuesdav)
    →cause:
    → debt for farmers, on tuesday rest joined

  • Gauses:
    → buying Stocks on margin† (barrawed Z invest, debtrepard)
    → huge volume sold →pricess-depressed
    → oct 29th-panick brokers old →money 108 t

  • During:
    → poverty, homelessnessi,mortgages → peopie lived in Haovervilles (mock hoover

  • Franklin D. Roosevelt(1932J: hands-on gov
    → INew Dear: adressed 3 R'S (releif, recoveryreform)
    → Releif for enemployed; AWA, TVA (ran power plants)
    → Recovery for Buisnesess: Glass-Steagalict bankres).
    FDIC (ensured bankdeposits w/fed money, Socia Security Act (1935) - wages paid to retired

  • Effect of New Deal → US became a limited welfare stat apposition to NewDeal

political realignment of blacks to dem port

  • Liberals: beleived i+ did "too" muon for big buisness

  • Conscruatives, extreme gou overreach → supreme court agreed and limited New beal

"FDR'S Tudicial Peonganization Bill (new justices past 70.5)

-would al lou him to appoint 6 new justices → called the court packing bill

→ congress opposed

WWII

  • Te pest WwI (Us was back into isolationism

  • Causes:


 of facist /authoritarian gov

→ Japans invasion of China L Hiter invaded poland

→ France/Britian declared war on germany

→ Americans gradually gave aid to allies (6B)

-Cash /Cary Policy: looser neutrality act that allowed any ally to use Us weapons as long as paid cash

* Lend-Lease Act,a lawed britian to obtain t rms the needed from i

→ December 7th 1941: Japanese invaded Pearl Harbor

During wwI

  • Mobilization →fed spending f (1,000%), GDPT IB

  • Private Factories → wortimeproduction
    → instead of cars produced planes/tanks

  • industrial buse-raided a lot

  • African Americans joined military

  • Mexican Amerreans also served

  • many fanms ieftw/o laber

L1942; mexican tarm workers given special enterin

• Japanese Americans →under suspicion

1U8 go sent over 100,000 to internment camps

4korematsuu. US: upheld internment (nartimeneces)

Eighting of war fight for survival of democracy

  • Holocaust→ Us found natiz cone camps

  • D-Day inuasion(Euro theater); allied pushed goman till france elib

  • Germany Sumendered →uay 7h, 1943

  • Midwa Island (pacitic theater) → island napping
    → cut off Tapanese supply Hine

• Atomic Bomb-tended war w/Japan (Hirshima, Vagasak) overall: U8= dominant be nofighting on their lard


Unit 8 Revoin (1945-1980)

•Overall: American involvement in the cold war, rise of a new CRM, Postwar demographic changes Cold war

"past ww2 → growing tension between Us/soviet

• Cold war: conflict between two belligerents inwhie neither engages in open warfare with one anotner

  • FDR died → Truman (oversaw negatiations for the war)
    → US: democratic capitalist
    → soviet Union: communis salies in wwi

  • Post wwII→ decided central /eastem eun= free elections

  • → Stalin kept buffer zones, but they became communist

mestic Policies

  • Containment: prevent expansion of communism
    →Truman Dostrine: US would provide military and econ support to any nation threated by communa
    → supponted Greence, Dardanelles (water naute)
    → 400 mill in economic aid and support
    → Marshall Planteconomic aid pian by George Marshal to help European nations rebuild 48trang democra
    →12 bill in aid approved la congress

  • Formation of NATO - militan pact created for deferse af western europe

"Soviets then formed the WARSAW Pact - military pact created for defense of eastern Europe


•Cold war→prompted an arms nace-race to develop superior weapon systems

→ post ww2 american atomic bonbs soviets tested their first in 19t9

L Truman approved development of a hydrogen bom → soviets then tested their first one the year ar overall: I anyone used these, + would resut in Mutual Assured Destruction

• Indirect Figinting

"Korean war →post ww2 divided along 38tn paraleil

→ Soviets(North) , uscsouth)

• 1949: both powers withdrew from korea

→ June 1950: north invaded South→ became a proxy war between Us/Soviets

→ North korea pushed to souther tip

→ Chinese forces overwnermed UN, push back. S8th

-effect:Stalematel

American Proper During Cald War

  • Bed Scare → second during
    →fear of communist spies into America → in House of Reps: HUAG formed-searcned for communist influence in American Society Itargeted; bayscarts, Hollywood 10

  • Joseph Mcarthy 1950/205 comm in state dep td

  • Army Mearthy Hearings + held by senate
    → Mcarthy consured be he couldn't prove


 Higher Education:

→ 1944: GI Bill → gave Ww2 veterans opprotanity to go to college 2 mil| used), provided gou loans (house)

• Baby Boomi past war explosion of Babies

→ 50 million people added to US pop

•Ancreased demand far nausing Inthe suburbs

→ william 5. Levit → Levitouns- mass produced law cast homes in Nir, identical los

-effects of suburbanization → majority of middle class moved to the suburbs leaving the unban areas poor/racially divided

'Interral Mignation

→ middie-class folks rushed to Sunbet States -to pursue belter weather/econ opps

→sunets became politically powerful

• Mass Culture

→TV: replaced radio as cheit entertainment programing was dominated by sports programins, comedies, variety Shows

-provided common language/cuttural norms

→ Advertising: appealed to Americans emotional necau

→ credit cards facilitated

• Rebelliouss of Mass Gutture:

→JD Sallenger: Latoner in The Rye

→ Beatniks: went against Standard poetic metric

Givil Rights Movement


  • Eisenhower → fooused on cold wor

  • 1896 Plessy v Ferguson →→ blacks/Whites were sep

  • Early Victories

  • L+ Braun ve Board of Education i school integrated

• Besistance in South:

→ Southem congressman → Souther Manifesto

→ some Schools Shut down

→ Arkansas, prevent block Students from entering LEisenhaver sent protection of a stusense

  • Alabama
    → 1455: Montgomery Buss Boycott-brough by Rosa
    4 during, MLK focused on Civil Disobediance:

  • siA- in movement (mostly college)

→ March on Washington: 1963

4t thousands gathered for a peaceful protest → MLK'S: I have a dream speech

  • Victories:

  • Civil Bights Act 1904% made discrimination on The basis of race, sex, or religion illegal
    L Voting Rights Act: 1965-phonibited nacial discrim in the voting booth

  • Blacks against non-violent tactics
    → Malcom X: beleived in seperatism/militarism
    → Black Fanthers: advocated violence when necis
    →1965 Race Riotsin LA


New Era of womens Rights

  • voice to the movement +Bett, Friedan Feminin Myste explored boredom and imprisonmento a tipica. housewife, argued women should be tufilled by Parter,

  • Ivow: 1986-advocated for womens rights
    → Equal Rights Amendment: prevent discrim on se
    → fall Short of necissary vates
    → due to conservative backlash: PHylis Schafley

Remand For Latinos/ Gap pops-exp Civil

  • Lations
    → Cesar Chavez→ won collective bargaining rignts

  • Indians
    → American American Indian Movement-reclaim tribal traditions, acheive self determination, poverty occupation of alcatraz (abandondedted land)
    → Self Determination Act 1975: gave indians much greater controll of lands, education, law enforcem

  • Gay Liberation Movement:

  • 1969- Stonewall Inn (ggy bar) inaided by police

  • people resisted into organized protests

  • 1970 Ciliness → legitamate sexual orientation,

  • Counter Culture; mainly among young peaple → rebellious syles of clething, music, drugs

  • → Woodstock Music Festival (1909): gave voice cultreb

  • → Change in attitudes twoards Sexuality →widespreade use of IBC
    → made casual sex the growing norm


Supreme Court → expanded civil tiberties

  • Baker vs Carr (1962); rep districts must be drawn 70 include all members of aitizens

  • Engal vs Vitale:provided further expansion of liberty

Cold war

  • decolonization: past ww2, new nations had unstable political/econ structures

  • Latin America → Guatemala
    → 1954: GIA planned assasination of Fidel Castro → increased anti-american sentiment

  • Middie East → Iran
    → CiA aided iranians in overt now of socialist gou → Shatsympathetic to American interests
    →rewarded emerica w/low oil priees farmp

  • Asia → Vietnam
    → vietnam previously frenons once liberated * i7th
    → North (comunist) - Ho Chi Min, Soutn (dem)
    → eisen hower gave I bill in econ aid to south Wif south fell to communism" Domin Theory")
    → Ersenhower Fanwell: warned about growing milit industrial complex

  • Kennedy agreco w/ Domino Theory
    →increased US militar advisors to Vietnam

  • Lydon Jannson
    → Gulf of Tonkin: North Vietnamese Ships fired on a US destroyer


→ Johnson used this as justification for gettied

→ Gulf of Tankin Resolution: exercise whatever necissart

Vietnam War

  • Jonnson used step by step escelation
    → 1965:200,000 US troops

  • Americans were dying

  • Intense anti war protests
    → fueled by secrecy (Pentagon Papers →student mad be they would be drafted

  • Jonson Struggled to create "Great Society"
    → expansion of FDA's reforms
    Lwaron Poverty: Office of Econ Opprotunity

Great Dociety

  • Medicare - provided health insurance to those over 65

  • Medicade- provided health insurance to those in poverty

  • Immigration Act-abolished immigration quotas →overall: liberalism reached high point

"Aixon →elected in 1968

  • Recession bogan in 1970s→ Stagflation
    → cutfederalspending weffect: weak trust in gou

  • Watergate Scardal: men hired by vixons reelection commitee broke into dem headquarters
    →vixon denied, Impeachment trial -theresigne

Supreme court → conservatism v. Liberalist

• Nixon appointed cons judges (Roe v. Wade)

→albwed abortion (fusian of christians)

Enviomment (i spils) 1970: EPA)