Fundamental-networking-prelimnotes__1_

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• Title: Working Concept

  • Author: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Open University

  • Subject: Fundamentals of Computer Networking (FCN)

  • Editorial Panel: Includes Mr. Sanjay Thapar, Prof. Jaipal Gaikwad, Ms. K. Jamdal, Ms. Lata Dawange, Mr. Prashant Tikone.

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Fundamentals of Computer Networking (FCN)

• Contents

  • BLOCK 1: NETWORKING CONCEPT

    • Unit 1: Introduction and Networking Basics

    • Unit 2: Network Interface Devices

  • BLOCK 2: CREATING WIRED AND WI-FI LAN

    • Unit 1: Creating a Switched Wired Ethernet LAN

    • Unit 2: Creating a Wi-Fi LAN

Unit 1: Introduction and Networking Basics

• Topics:

  • Advantages of computer networking

  • WAN, LAN, and PAN basics

  • Topologies

  • Connecting Media: Wired and Wireless

  • Introduction to Network Interface Devices (NIDs)

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• BLOCK 1: NETWORKING CONCEPT

  • Unit 1: Introduction and Networking Basics (Page 2)

  • Unit 2: Network Interface Devices (Page 11)

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Block Introduction

• Internet: A collection of computers that share information.

• Protocols: Set of rules for communication and control in networks.

• Objectives:

  • Understanding computer connections, devices, and networking technologies.

Block Objective

• Understand:

  • Basics of Networking.

  • Features of computer networking.

  • WAN, LAN, PAN characteristics.

  • Networking topologies.

  • Network Adaptor Cards.

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Networking Concept - Unit 1: Introduction and Networking Basics

• Unit Structure:

  • Learning Objectives

  • Introduction

  • Advantages of Computer Networking

  • Computer Networks and the Internet

  • WAN, LAN, PAN Basics

  • Topologies

  • Connecting Media

  • NIDs and specifications

  • Summary and Activities

Learning Objectives

• Understand key networking concepts after completing the unit.

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Introduction

• Networking: Involves multiple computers connected globally.

• Modems: Wired and wireless connections to the network.

• Storage: Optical devices (CDs, DVDs) can store data.

Advantages of Computer Networking

• Purpose: Share information

• Components include:

  • Multiple computers (Server or Client)

  • Network Interface Card (NIC)

  • Connection medium (wired or wireless)

  • Network Operating System (e.g., Windows, UNIX)

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The Internet

• Definition: A system of computers worldwide.

• Function: Facilitate information sharing quickly.

Advantages of Computer Network

• Resource sharing

• Remote login

• Emailing

• Entertainment

• Fast file backup

• Cost-efficient data sharing

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Computer Networks and the Internet

• Network: Connection between sender and receiver.

• Note: Viruses can spread through infected files exchanged.

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Definition of Computer Network

• Components:

  • Two or more computers

  • Network Interface Card (NIC)

  • Connection medium (wired/wireless)

  • Operating system software (e.g., Windows, Linux)

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WAN, LAN, and PAN

• Purpose: Share information among users.

• Types of Networks:

  • LAN (Local Area Network)

  • WLAN (Wireless LAN)

  • WAN (Wide Area Network)

  • MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)

  • SAN (Storage Area Network)

  • CAN (Campus Area Network)

  • PAN (Personal Area Network)

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LAN Overview

• Definition: Group of computers sharing a common channel.

• Environment: Typically used in offices and schools.

WAN Overview

• Definition: Connects users over large distances (cities, countries).

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WAN Characteristics

• Transmission: Uses public networks/satellite links.

• Data rates: Typically below 1 Mbps.

• Ownership: Multiple organizations.

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Topologies

• Definition: Geometrical arrangement of nodes.

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Types of Topologies

• Classes:

  • Bus Network

  • Star Network

  • Ring Network

  • Mesh Network

  • Tree Network

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Detailed Topology Descriptions

• Bus Network: Simple, connects nodes to a single line.

• Star Network: Each node connects to a central server (hub).

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Ring Network

• Closed loop configuration.

• Data circulates until it reaches the destination.

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Tree Network

• Hierarchical structure of nodes, suitable for organizational communication.

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Wired and Wireless Media Characteristics

• Wireless Modems: Wireless connectivity without cables.

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NID Specifications

• Definition: Network Interface Device, operational and capital savings for service providers.

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Summary of Unit 1

• Networking basics, arrangement of computers, types of networks, and their characteristics.

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Unit 2: Network Interface Devices

• Unit Structure:

  • Learning Objectives

  • Various Network Devices (NICs, Hubs, Switches, Routers, Access Points, Repeaters)

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Network Adaptor Cards

• Essential hardware for network connectivity.

• Types of adapters: wired, USB, wireless.

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Wireless Network Cards

• Can be built-in or external (USB).

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Hubs

• Basic network device for connecting multiple computers and devices.

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Types of Hubs

• Active Hub: Regenerates and strengthens signals.

• Passive Hub: Simply connects devices.

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Switches

• Device that selects data paths for destinations, outperforming hubs in busy networks.

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Routers

• Devices managing traffic between different networks based on IP addresses.

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Access Points (Wireless)

• Connects users in a WLAN, serves as junction to wired networks.

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Repeaters

• Regenerate signals, crucial for maintaining signal quality over distance.

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Let Us Sum Up

• Overview of key concepts in networks, including devices and their roles.

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Glossary

1. Network - Arrangement of NICs or network adapter.

2. Network card - Adapter allowing external connection.

3. Hub - Device connecting multiple hardware through ports.

4. Switch - Device routing data to destination.

5. Router - Layer-3 device processing packet info.