Control, prevention and survelillance

  • situational crime prevention - focussed on reducing opportunities to commit crime, rather than improving society or institutions. 

key thinker- clarke

evalutation- doesnt help the people who comitt the crimes it just focuses getting them off the street

  • enviromental crime prevention - The Broken Windows thesis by Wilson & Kelling refers to disorderly neighbourhoods with an absence of formal social control (police) and informal control (community). Police are merely concerned with serious crime and turn a blind eye to nuisance behaviour.

key thinker- wilison and kelling

evaulation- they dont think to catch it early leads to more crime

  • social/ community crime prevention - Shifts emphasis from policing, to potential offenders and their social context.

key thinker/study- The longitudinal study showed significant differences with a control group who had not undergone an enrichment programme. By 40, they had fewer lifetime arrests for crimes and most were in a form of paid employment.

evaulation-

Foucault - birth of the prision

foucault (1979) identitfies two different of punishment

soverereign power: common before the 19th century, when the monarch had power over people and their bodies.

The panopitcon - foucault illustrates disciplinary power through the panopticon. This was a design for a prison in which each prisoner in their own, cell is visible to the guards from the central tower.

Recent survelliance theories

foucaults ideas have led to others developing theories of surveillance that are more matched to todays society. Some of these both build on and crticise his theory of panopitcon.

synoptic surveillance

surveillant assemblages

actuarial justice and risk managment

labelling and surveillance. - foucault would support in the idea of the criminals are labelled so they need to be watched however due to the being watched all the time they may lashout and commit more agressive behaviour as a way of rebellion.

synoptic surveillance - public authority of the criminals is what foucault would agree with