WORLD HISTORY SEMESTER EXAM STUDY GUIDE UNIT 5: WORLD WAR I & THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand Murder of Austria-Hungary's heir that triggered WWI. Militarism Building up armed forces. Alliances Agreements to defend one another. Imperialism Expanding power through colonies. Nationalism Strong pride in one's nation. Schlieffen Plan Germany's plan to defeat France quickly. Total War Using all national resources for war. New Military Technology Machine Gun Rapid-fire weapon. Tank Armored combat vehicle. Airplane Used for scouting and attacks. Poison Gas Chemical weapon. Propaganda Information used to influence people. Lusitania British ship sunk by Germany. Treaty of Versailles Peace treaty ending WWI. League of Nations Organization created to keep peace. War Communism Government control of Russia's economy. USSR Communist state formed in 1922. Stalin Soviet dictator who expanded government control. UNIT 6: RISE OF DICTATORS & WORLD WAR II Fascist Government led by a dictator. Totalitarian Government with total control. Authoritarian Government limiting freedoms. Communist Government controls the economy. Benito Mussolini Fascist dictator of Italy. Five-Year Plan Stalin's industrial program. Adolf Hitler Leader of Nazi Germany. Nazi Party Hitler's political party. Final Solution Nazi plan to kill Europe's Jews. Hyperinflation Extreme rise in prices. Aggression and Instability Countries used force to gain land. Appeasement Giving in to avoid war. Nazi-Soviet Pact Germany and USSR agreed not to fight. Pearl Harbor Attack that brought the U.S. into WWII. Blitzkrieg Fast attack using tanks and planes. D-Day Allied invasion of Normandy. Franklin D. Roosevelt U.S. president during WWII. Winston Churchill British prime minister during WWII. Dwight Eisenhower Commander of the D-Day invasion. Manhattan Project Program that developed the atomic bomb. UNIT 7: ASIA, AFRICA, & THE MIDDLE EAST Mandate System League of Nations control over territories. Israel Jewish state created in 1948. Palestine Region claimed by Arabs and Jews. Jerusalem Holy city claimed by both sides. Golan Heights Strategic land captured from Syria. Sinai Peninsula Egyptian land occupied after war. Arab-Israeli Conflict Long struggle between Israel and Arab nations. Palestinian Refugees (Where?) Many fled to nearby Arab countries. Palestinian Refugees (Effects) Created long-term tensions. MIDDLE EAST Iran-Iraq War Eight-year war between Iran and Iraq. Persian Gulf War War to free Kuwait from Iraq. Islamic Revolution Iran became an Islamic republic. Soviets in Afghanistan Soviet invasion in 1979. Taliban Islamic group that ruled Afghanistan. The Iraq War U.S.-led invasion of Iraq. Syrian Civil War War between Syria's government and rebels. Al Qaeda and September 11 Attacks Terrorist attacks on the U.S. in 2001. War in Afghanistan U.S. war against terrorism. ISIS Extremist group that seized territory. AFRICA Berlin Conference European powers divided Africa. Britain Controlled large African colonies. Belgium Ruled the Congo. Germany Held several African colonies. African Independence Freedom from colonial rule. African National Congress (ANC) Group that fought apartheid. Pan Africanist Congress (PAC) Group promoting African self-rule. Apartheid Racial segregation in South Africa. Nelson Mandela Leader who helped end apartheid. Rwandan Genocide Mass killing in Rwanda in 1994. Hutu Ethnic majority in Rwanda. Tutsi Ethnic minority targeted in the genocide