NEOCLASSICISM

NEOCLASSICISM

Overview

  • Neoclassicism: Derived from Greek word neos (new) and Latin classicus (first class).

  • A Western movement influencing decorative and visual arts, literature, theater, music, and architecture.

  • Inspired by classical art and culture of Ancient Greece and Rome.

Historical Context

  • Timeframe: 1780-1840.

  • Coincides with the 18th century Age of Reason or Enlightenment.

  • Renewed interest in Greek and Roman classics spurred art styles.

Artistic Characteristics

  • Portrayal of Roman History: Emphasis on historical themes, particularly Roman narratives.

  • Formal Composition: Structure and order in artistic presentations.

  • Diagonal Usage: Diagonals employed to emphasize emotional peaks.

  • Local Color & Lighting: Careful attention to color palettes and overall lighting.

  • Classic Geo-Structure: Incorporation of geometric elements in art and architecture.

Neoclassicism vs Classicism

  • Neoclassicism:

    • Focused on renewed interest in classical ideals affecting European and American society.

    • Art forms are inspired by ancient times but produced later.

  • Classicism:

    • Characterized by the reflection of Greek and Roman principles in society prior to the Neoclassical period.

Neoclassical Painting

  • Represents order and moderation.

  • Artists restored realistic portrayals of Greek and Roman themes, emphasizing historical accuracy.

  • Attention to costumes, settings, and classical subject details without distractions.

Prominent Neoclassical Artists

JACQUES-LOUIS DAVID (1748-1825)

  • Influential French painter recognized as the era's pre-eminent artist.

  • Focused primarily on historical subjects.

Significant Works:

  • The Death of Marat:

    • Portrayal of revolutionary martyr Jean-Paul Marat, illustrating the impact of the French Revolution.

  • Napoleon Crossing the Alps:

    • Idealized representation of Napoleon’s crossing in May 1800, emphasizing heroism.

  • Oath of Horatii:

    • Depicts a Roman legend where three brothers prepare to sacrifice themselves for Rome.

JEAN-AUGUSTE-DOMINIQUE INGRES (1780-1867)

  • Pupil of Jacques-Louis David, influenced by Italian Renaissance painters.

  • Known for nudes, portraits, and mythological themes, regarded as an academic art exemplar.

Significant Works:

  • Portrait of Napoleon on the Imperial Throne:

    • Depicts Napoleon in his coronation costume, a symbol of power during his reign.

  • The Apotheosis of Homer:

    • State-commissioned work celebrating Homer and brilliant figures of history, located in the Louvre Museum.

Reflection Questions

  1. What can you say about the Neoclassical Period?

  2. What are the characteristics of Neoclassical paintings?