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1. Bolshevism – A radical socialist movement from Russia that inspired fear of communism in the U.S. after WWI.

2. Red Scare – Post-WWI period (1919–1920) of fear of communism and radical leftism spreading in America.

3. A. Mitchell Palmer/Palmer Raids/J. Edgar Hoover – Attorney General Palmer led raids against suspected radicals; Hoover organized them; violated civil liberties.

4. James Weldon Johnson/Red Summer – NAACP leader who documented racial violence during the “Red Summer” of 1919 when race riots erupted across U.S. cities.

5. Spanish Flu – 1918–1919 global pandemic killing millions, including over 600,000 Americans.

6. Black Sox – 1919 baseball scandal where Chicago White Sox players were accused of fixing the World Series.

7. “Return to Normalcy” – Warren G. Harding’s 1920 campaign promise to restore prewar peace and stability.

8. Warren G. Harding – 29th U.S. president (1921–1923); presidency marked by scandals like Teapot Dome.

9. Teapot Dome Scandal – Major political scandal involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves for bribes.

10. Albert Fall – Secretary of the Interior; first cabinet member convicted of a felony for Teapot Dome.

11. Isolationism – U.S. foreign policy of avoiding alliances and foreign conflicts after WWI.

12. Pragmatic Diplomacy – A practical, negotiation-based approach to foreign affairs rather than idealistic.

13. Washington Naval Conference – 1921–1922 meeting to limit naval armaments among major powers.

14. Charles Dawes/Dawes Plan – 1924 plan to stabilize Germany’s economy by restructuring reparations payments.

15. Frank B. Kellogg/Aristide Briand – U.S. and French diplomats who authored the Kellogg-Briand Pact to outlaw war.