Science Review Flashcards

Microscope: Used to make things bigger.
Goggles: Used to protect the eyes; should be worn when working with liquids or powders.
Inference: A conclusion (opinion) about something based on observations (facts).
Conclusion: Communicates what you have learned and tells if your hypothesis was correct or not.
Graduated Cylinder: Used to measure the volume of a liquid in mL.
Meter Stick: A measuring stick one meter long that is marked off in centimeters and millimeters.
Magnifying Glass: A lens that enlarges the image of an object.
Thermometer: A tool used to measure temperature.
Low pressure system: Represented as a big, red L
High pressure system: Represented as a big, blue H

Continental Drift: The slow process of Earth's continents moving as the Earth's plates shift.
Core: The solid inner surface of the Earth.
Fault: A crack in Earth's crust along which movement occurs.
Global Mid-Ocean Ridge: An underwater mountain range that zigzags between all the continents.
Lava: Liquid rock that reaches the surface.
Magma: Melted rock that rises from the mantle and lies beneath the surface.
Mantle: The semi-solid layer of the Earth between the outer crust and the outer core.
Pangea: A single continent made up of all of the Earth's land mass long ago.
Ring of Fire: The ring of volcanoes along the edges of the continents that border the Pacific Ocean.
Volcano: A vent in a planet's crust from which molten or hot rock and steam come out; also, a hill or mountain made up of the material that comes out of the vent.
Crust: The solid outer surface of the Earth.
Bedrock: Solid rock found under the soil.

Solar System: Our sun and the planets that move around it.
Rotation: One complete turn of the Earth on its axis (24 hours).
Orbit: The curved path of the Earth around the sun.
Constellations: A group of stars that forms a particular shape in the sky and has been given a name.
Eclipse: When our view of one object in the sky is blocked by another object or the Earth's shadow.
Equinox: March 20th or 21st and September 21st or 22nd. Twice a year when the day and night are the same amount of time all around the world.
Galaxy: A group of stars, gas and dust held together by gravity.
Air Resistance: The pushing force of friction that opposes gravity or motion (also called drag).
Planet: An object moving around a star.
Star: An object that shines through the release of energy produced by nuclear reactions at its core.

Hot Spot: A location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time.
Active Volcano: A volcano that has had at least one eruption during the past 10,000 years.
Dormant: Not doing anything at this time; not active but able to become active.
Shield Volcano: A volcano with gently sloping sides that are made up of hardened lava.
Composite Cone Volcanoes: Tall volcanoes with steep sides; the most common type.

Inner Core: Solid center of the Earth that is very hot and under great pressure.

Graph: A grid with lines that have meaning.
Weather: The condition of the air at a certain time and place.
Clouds: Condensed water vapors in the atmosphere.
Atmosphere: All the gases (air) that surround the Earth.
Rain Gauge: An instrument used by scientists to measure the amount of rain or other forms of precipitation.
Oxygen: A gas that has no color, taste, or smell that most plants and animals need to survive.
Change: To become different.
Carbon Dioxide: An invisible gas that is absorbed by plants during photosynthesis.
Life Cycle: The stages of change that a living thing goes through during its life.
Anemometer: An instrument used to measure wind speed.
Wind Vane: An instrument used to tell which direction the wind is blowing.
Barometer: An instrument used to tell if the pressure in the air is going up or down.
Wind: Movement of air across Earth's surface.
Humidity: The amount of moisture in the air.
Precipitation: Rain, sleet, snow, or hail.
Cold Front: Cold air replaces warm air (blue line with teeth).
Warm Front: Warm air replaces cold air (red line with circles).

Wear goggles when working with liquids or powders.
Never run in the lab.
Always follow directions.
Never inhale an unknown liquid or powder; waft it.
Clean up your station when the experiment is complete.
Use caution with toxic chemicals, animals, fire, electricity, and sharp objects.
Protect your eyes! Wear goggles.

Problem: Written in the form of a question.
Research: Gathered information about the problem.
Hypothesis: A proposed solution to your problem.
Experiment: Materials needed and the steps written in number order.
Observations: Data organized in a graph or chart.
- Quantitative Observation: An observation that includes measurements or numbers.
  - Example: $The \text{plant grew } 5 \text{ cm in one week}$
- Qualitative Observation: An observation that does not involve measurements or numbers.
  - Example: $The \text{flower is red}$