Human skeleton

Human Skeleton Overview

• The human skeleton is the internal framework of the body, consisting of bones and cartilages, supported by ligaments and tendons.

Structural Divisions

• Two Main Subdivisions:

  • Axial Skeleton: Includes the vertebral column (spine) and much of the skull.

  • Appendicular Skeleton: Comprises the pelvic and pectoral girdles and the limbs.

  • Visceral Skeleton: Contains elements like the lower jaw and hyoid bone.

Functions of the Skeleton

• Support:

  • Essential for maintaining body structure.

  • The vertebral column serves as the primary support for the trunk.

• Protection:

  • Protects vital organs such as the heart and lungs via the rib cage.

  • The rib cage allows for flexibility, essential for breathing.

• Motion:

  • Skeletal muscles anchor to bones, facilitating movement.

  • Movement types range from athletic actions to precise manipulations.

Axial Skeleton Details

• Cranium:

  • Encloses the brain and supports sensory organs (sight, sound, smell, taste).

  • Comprises two types of bones: cartilaginous (substitution) and membrane bones.

  • Important cranial bones include:

    • Frontal Bone: Forms the forehead.

    • Parietal Bones: Form the side walls of the cranium.

    • Temporal Bones and Occipital Bone: Complete the cranial structure.j