Exam Notes

The New Kingdom - Ramesside Period

  • Continuation of Final Review, focusing on the Ramesside Period.
  • Valley of the Kings includes tombs from the 18th dynasty and later.

Tomb of Nefertari

  • Located in the Valley of the Queens.

Valley of the Kings

  • Contains the tomb of Thutmose III (D18).
  • Amduat (12 hours) and The Litany of Re are significant texts/themes.

Tomb of Seti I

  • KV17, dating to the 19th Dynasty.

KV 9

  • Tomb of Ramesses V and Ramesses VI.

Merneptah (D19)

  • Valley of the Kings.
  • Associated with The Litany of Re.
  • Includes tombs of Seti II (D19) and Ramesses IV (D20).

Book of the Earth

  • A significant text from the period.

Book of the Dead

  • Chapter 125: The Weighing of the Heart.

The Mature Formal Temple (New Kingdom)

  • Components include bark shrine, holy of holies, hypostyle hall, colonnade court, and pylon.

Karnak

  • Features a main axis and transverse axis.
  • Includes cryosphinxes.

Seti II

  • Barque shrine (before courtyard).

Ramesses III

  • Barque shrine.

Temporal Order

  • Seti II (D 19), Ramesses III (D 20), Porch (D 25), Pylon I (D 30), Pylon II (D 18), Pylon III Amenhotep III (D 18), Hypostyle Hall (D 19).

Karnak

  • Precinct of Amun; includes Khonsu and Mut temples.

Luxor Temple (Opet)

  • Amenhotep III, Tutankhamun, Ramesses II contributed.
  • Features a long colonnade and colonnade court with pylon.

Dynasties Nineteen and Twenty: The Ramesside Period

  • Nineteenth Dynasty: Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II, Merneptah, Seti (II), Siptah, Tawosret.
  • Twentieth Dynasty: Setnakht, Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses V, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VII – X, Ramesses XI.

Temple of Seti I (Abydos)

  • Includes Osiris complex, chapels, hypostyle halls, forecourts, and the Abydos King List.

Battle of Kadesh

  • Depicted at Luxor (Ramesses II).

Ramesseum

  • Mortuary Temple of Ramesses II (Dynasty 19).

Temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel

  • Located in Nubia.

Medinet Habu

  • Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III.

Ramesses III

  • Depictions of battles with the Sea Peoples.

Third Intermediate Period

  • Central Temples at Tanis in the Delta and royal tombs.

Chamber of Osorkon

  • Dynasty 22.

Psusennes I

  • Dynasty 21.

Osorkon II

  • Dynasty 22.

God's Wife Karomama

  • Bronze Statue with gold and silver inlay (Dynasty 22).

Faience Lotiform Chalices

  • Dynasty 22.

Cartonnage Mummy Cases

  • 22nd Dynasty.

Theban Stela

  • Painted plaster on wood core (Dynasty 22).

The Third Intermediate (Libyan) Period

  • Dynasty 21 & 22: Tanis (1069 – 715 BCE).
    • Dynasties 23: Delta (818 – 715 BCE).
    • Dynasty 24: Sais (727 – 715 BCE).
    • Dynasty 25: Napata, Nubia (747 – 656 BCE).
    • Dynasty 26: Sais (664 – 525 BCE).

First Persian Period

  • Dynasty 27: Persepolis (525 - 404 BCE).

The Late Period

  • Dynasty 28 – Dynasty 29 – Dynasty 30 (404 – 343 BCE).

The Second Persian Conquest

  • 343 – 332 BCE.

Alexander the Great (and heirs)

  • 332 – 303 BCE.

The Ptolemaic Period

  • Alexandria (303 – 30 BCE).

The Roman Period

  • 30 BCE – 395 CE: Alexandria, Sais, Tanis, Thebes, Napata.

Nubian Royal Pyramids

  • Located at al-Kurru.

Shabako

  • Bronze (25th Dynasty).

Taharka

  • Edifice of Taharka, Karnak (25th Dynasty).

Amenirdis I

  • God's Wife of Amun (25th Dynasty).

Pylons of Theban Tombs

  • 25th and 26th Dynasties, along Hatshepsut's causeway to Deir el-Bahari temple.

Montuemhet

  • TT 34.

25th dynasty

  • 5th Dynasty.

Montuemhat

  • Mayor of Thebes.
  • MMA dates between 712–525 BCE.

The Cenotaph of Harwa

  • TT 37.

The 26th (Saite) Dynasty

  • Key rulers: Nekau I (Necho), Psamtik I (Psammeticus), Nekau II, Psamtik II, Apries, Ahmose II (Amasis), Psamtik III.

26th Dynasty King

  • Amasis.

Nesmuta'atneru

  • 25th Dynasty.

25th-26th Dynasty

  • Non-royal stelas (painted plaster on wood core).

Head of an Achaemaenid (Persian) Ruler

  • Louvre.
  • The First Persian Period: Dynasty 27 - Persepolis (525 - 404 BCE).

Historical Review: Late Period (Dynasties 27-30)

  • Late Period for anything between the Third Intermediate Period and the coming of Christianity.

The Tomb of Petosiris

  • Tuna el-Gebel.
  • Late Period - Dynasties 27 to 30.

Late Period and Graeco-Roman

  • Stone anthropoid sarcophagi.

Boston Green Head

  • 30th Dynasty.

The Berlin Green Head

  • 30th Dynasty.

Nectanebo II

  • 30th Dynasty.

Cippus - Horus on the Crocodiles

  • D 30 - Nectanebo II.

Historical Review: Graeco-Roman Period

  • Key locations: Alexandria, Rosetta, Buto, Damietta, Tanis, and Sais.

Graeco-Roman Temples

  • Dendera, Esna, Edfu, Kom Ombo, Philae.

Dendera Temple

  • Includes Nilometer, Sanatorium, Mamisi, Church, Mamisi Pronaos, Temple of Isis, Sacred Lake.

Temple Features

  • Screen Wall Composite Capitals, Bes Abaci, Divine conception & birth, Mamisi of Dendera, Peripteral temple.

The Graeco-Roman Temple (Dendera)

  • 12 – 22: Shrines, cult rooms, and storerooms.
    • 23 – 25: New Year’s chapel.
    • 11: Principal shrine and bark shrine.
    • 9 -10: Antechambers.
    • 3 – 8: Side chapels.
      • 2: Hypostyle hall.
      • 1: Pronaos.

Dendara Zodiac Ceiling

  • Louvre.

Osiris Rooms

Dendera: The Crypts

Esna

  • A pronaos in a hole.

A Hymn to Khnum

  • Written almost entirely in crocodiles.

Edfu Temple

  • Includes Mammisi, Ptolemaic sanctuary, Horus, Nilometre, Antechamber, Hypostyle Hall, Pronaos, Court, Pylon.

New Year's Procession

  • Edfu (interior of pylon).

Edfu Sanctuary

  • With naos (shrine) & model divine bark.

Kom Ombo

  • “the Acropolis of Egypt”.
    -- Sobek.
    --- Horus the Elder (Haouris).
    ---- Temple has double sanctuary, double axis.

Kom Ombo

  • Pronaos: Note two winged sun disks at left marking double axis.

Double Sanctuary at Kom Ombo

  • With Crypt.

The Temple of Isis at Philae

Philae

  • Second pylon and Mamisi.

Hypostyle and sanctuary

  • With intrusive crosses.

Antinous

  • Time of Hadrian.

Dakhla Oasis

  • Mousawaqa (Muzawaka).

Fayum Mummy Portraits