Controlling and Preventing Disease Presentation Final (1)
Page 1: Controlling and Preventing Disease
Overview
Focuses on strategies to manage and reduce disease.
Page 2: Controlling and Preventing Infectious Diseases
Definition
Emphasizes the importance of controlling infectious diseases to safeguard public health.
Page 3: Life Expectancy: United States 1860 - 2020
Statistics
Life expectancy in the US fluctuated from 1860 to 2020, indicating advancements in healthcare and disease control over time.
90, 80, 70... breakdown represents different years and their statistical significance in context.
Source: Statista 2020, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University.
Page 4: Causes of Deaths—United States 1909
Leading Causes
Tuberculosis
Heart Disease
Pneumo/Flu
Diarrhea
Stroke
Nephritis
Accidents
Cancer
Prematurity
Senility
Important to analyze historical health data to understand societal health improvements.
Page 5: Causes of Deaths—United States 2005
Comparative Analysis
Continuing prominent causes: Tuberculosis, Heart Disease, Pneumo/Flu, Stroke, Accidents, Cancer, Alzheimer's.
Increase in chronic conditions like Alzheimer's over the years compared to 1909.
Page 6: Life Expectancy: United States 2020
Life Expectancy Breakdown
Life expectancy at birth in 2020 averaged 77.0 years.
Variation by state: California (79.0), Mississippi (71.9), etc.
Life expectancy reflects various health factors and disease prevalence in regions.
Page 7: Infectious Disease Definition
Explanation by WHO
Infectious diseases arise from pathogenic microorganisms, transmissible between hosts.
Page 8: Stages of Infectious Disease
Progression
Susceptible -> Exposed -> Infectious -> Not Infected -> Somewhat Ill -> Extremely Ill -> Fully Recovered -> Death
Page 9: Definitions of Infection Types
Types of Diseases
Endemic: Regular occurrence in a population.
Epidemic: Widespread occurrence exceeding normal levels.
Pandemic: Epidemic across multiple countries.
Page 10: The Spread of Infectious Diseases
Transmission Cycle Summary
Pathogens must leave an infected host and find a new susceptible host to continue the infection cycle.
Pages 11 to 14: Detailed Transmission Cycle
Key Components
Pathogen: Organism causing infection.
Exit: Method of leaving the host.
Host: Infected organism.
Transmission: Transfer method.
Environment: Context of disease spread.
Entry: How pathogens enter new hosts.
New Host: Future susceptible individual.
Page 15: Life Cycle of Infectious Diseases Visual
Visual Representation
Graphic illustrating the interaction of different elements in the disease transmission cycle.
Page 16: Categories of Pathogenic Organisms
Overview of Pathogens
Includes viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, fungi, protozoa, and helminths.
Page 17: Continuation on Transmission Cycle
Reiteration of Key Components
(Points previously listed about cycle structure re-emphasized.)
Page 18: Pathogens and Important Terms
Key Terms
Viruses, Bacteria, Rickettsia, Fungi, Protozoa, Helminths.
Concepts: Life Cycle, Latency, Persistence, Infectivity, Mode of Transmission, Immunity.
Page 19: Transmission Cycle Further Explained
Mechanics of Infection
(Breakdown of the cycle is repeated, reinforcing continuity of information.)
Page 20: Hosts and Important Terms
Classification
Definitive Host: Adult form carrier.
Intermediate Host: Larval form carrier.
Zoonosis: Animal-to-human transmission.
Disease Vector: Agent facilitating transmission.
Carrier: Infected individual not showing symptoms.
Page 21: Emphasis on Transmission Cycle
Recap of Factors Involved
Key components as highlighted in previous pages reiterated for emphasis.
Page 22: Infection Types: Exit, Transmission, Entry
Infection Methods
Important areas include food, water, direct contact, etc.
Page 23: Specific Infection Types
Examples of Transmission
Direct and indirect methods.
Notable conditions: Fecal-oral contact, Trachoma, Scabies, STDs, helminths.
Page 24 to 25: Vectors Causing Human Disease
Main Vectors
Mosquitoes (Aedes, Anopheles, Culex), Ticks, Fleas, Lice.
Each associated with specific diseases such as Malaria or Lyme Disease.
Page 26: Historical Context
Importance of Medical Awareness
Bubonic Plague example: Lack of understanding about pathogen transmission.
Raises questions about current unknowns in disease transmission.
Page 27: Reiteration of Transmission Cycle Structure
Summary of Key Elements
(Continued focus on the cycle.)
Page 28 to 31: Environmental Factors in Disease Transmission
Environment's Role
Climate, landscape, human surroundings affecting infection spread.
Page 32: Recapitulation of Cycle Elements
Summary Note
Important components reiterated for clarity.
Page 33: Susceptible Hosts
Infectious Dose & Barriers
The ability of the pathogen to infect a person depends on these factors.
Page 34: Communicability
Understanding Over Time
Focus on how communicability evolves within an individual.