Multistore model

Definitions

1. Displacement

The short-term memories are replaced by more recent memories.

2. Distal Stimulus

An external object or event that is being perceived (smells, sounds, objects).

3. Rehearsal Loop

Short-term memory repeated and moved to long-term memory.

4. Primacy Effect

You remember what you experience first.

5. Recency Effect

You remember what you experience most recently.

6. Level of Processing

(Not filled in the worksheet – You may want to add this yourself.)

7. Ischemic Stroke

A stroke caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow to the brain.

8. Case Study

A study surrounding a single person, uses method triangulation, always longitudinal.

Memory Theories and Contributions

9. Miller

People can store 7±2 memories in their short-term memory.

10. Milner

Performed the longitudinal study of HM. Temporal lobe removal taught about amnesia.

11. Lashley’s Theory of Equipotentiality

Mouse study with the ice pick to discover where memory is stored. Memory is not stored anywhere specific.

12. Glanzer and Cunitz

Primacy and recency effect.

Types of Memory and Brain Areas

13. Semantic Memory → Hippocampus

14. Procedural Memory → Cerebellum

15. Emotional Memories → Amygdala

16. Episodic (Autobiographical) Memory → Hippocampus

17. Habits → Basal Ganglia

Evaluation of the Multi Store Model (MSM)

18. Strength: Separates long and short-term memory.

19. Strength: Lots of research to back it up (replicability).

20. Strength: Biological evidence (HM case).

21. Limitation: Oversimplified.

22. Limitation: Doesn’t explain the role of emotion, memory distortion.

23. Limitation: Confabulation (sometimes rehearsal doesn’t work).

24. Limitation: Combining two (artificial) memories.

Flashcards on Memory Concepts

• Displacement: The process where short-term memories are replaced by more recent memories.

• Distal Stimulus: An external object or event that is being perceived, including smells, sounds, and objects.

• Rehearsal Loop: The mechanism by which short-term memory is repeated and eventually moved to long-term memory.

• Primacy Effect: The tendency to remember what is experienced first in a list or series.

• Recency Effect: The tendency to remember what is experienced most recently.

• Ischemic Stroke: A type of stroke characterized by a blood clot blocking blood flow to the brain.

• Case Study: A research method focusing on a single person, employing triangulation and is always longitudinal.

• Memory Theories:

  • Miller: Asserted that people can store 7±2 memories in their short-term memory.

  • Milner: Conducted a longitudinal study on HM, providing insights into amnesia due to temporal lobe removal.

  • Lashley’s Theory of Equipotentiality: Found through mouse studies that memory isn’t located in a specific area of the brain.

  • Glanzer and Cunitz: Researched and defined the primacy and recency effects.