Class XI Biology Textbook Notes
PAF Biology Textbook for Class XI 2024-25
- Publisher: National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT)
- First Edition: February 2006
- Reprints:
- October 2006
- November 2007
- January 2009 to January 2011
- January 2012 to December 2014
- May 2016
- March 2017
- December 2017
- January 2019
- September 2019
- February 2021
- November 2021
- Revised Edition: November 2022
- Latest Reprint: March 2024
- ISBN: 81-7450-496-6
- Price: ₹240.00
- All Rights Reserved. No reproduction without permission.
Foreword
- National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005:
- Link between school and life outside school.
- Departure from rote learning to a more integrated child-centered system.
- Encouragement of creativity and initiative in students.
- Schools should recognize students as active participants in learning.
- Importance of Teacher Reflection:
- Focus of teaching methods and evaluation on less stress and more engagement.
- Curricular Burden Addressed:
- Restructuring knowledge considering child psychology and teaching time.
- Enhancing opportunities for contemplation, discussion, and hands-on experiences.
Acknowledgements
- Express gratitude to contributors, teachers, and institutions involved in the textbook development.
- Acknowledges contributions from experts and scientists.
- Support noted from various educational professionals and institutions to improve the textbook.
Changes Due to COVID-19 Pandemic
- Reduction of content load as recommended in the National Education Policy 2020.
- Focus on experiential learning and relevance in current context.
- Rationalization of Content:
- Removed overlapping content.
- Content considered for ease of student self-learning.
Note for Teachers and Students
- Biology Definition:
- Science of life and living processes, encompassing a broad understanding of life forms.
- Importance of Historical Development of Biology:
- Shift from medical relevance to broad-spectrum biological knowledge (origin of life, biodiversity, evolution).
- Divisions of Biology:
- Historical division into botany, zoology, and microbiology; modern physics and chemistry influencing biological study.
- Emergence of Molecular Biology:
- Influence of DNA discovery and genetics reshaping biological disciplines.
- Integration Across Disciplines:
- Development of interfaces between biology and other scientific fields, leading to a more interconnected understanding of life sciences.
- Current Needs in Biology Education:
- Interdisciplinary teachings, integration of knowledge across botanical, zoological, and microbiological disciplines.
- Adoption of a narrative style, clarity, and enjoyment-focused teaching methods.
Structure of the Textbook
- Units and Chapters:
- Unit I: Diversity in the Living World
- Chapter 1: The Living World
- Chapter 2: Biological Classification
- Chapter 3: Plant Kingdom
- Chapter 4: Animal Kingdom
- Unit II: Structural Organisation in Plants and Animals
- Chapter 5: Morphology of Flowering Plants
- Chapter 6: Anatomy of Flowering Plants
- Chapter 7: Structural Organisation in Animals
- Unit III: Cell: Structure and Functions
- Chapter 8: Cell: The Unit of Life
- Chapter 9: Biomolecules
- Chapter 10: Cell Cycle and Cell Division
- Unit IV: Plant Physiology
- Chapter 11: Photosynthesis in Higher Plants
- Chapter 12: Respiration in Plants
- Chapter 13: Plant Growth and Development
- Unit V: Human Physiology
- Chapter 14: Breathing and Exchange of Gases
- Chapter 15: Body Fluids and Circulation
- Chapter 16: Excretory Products and their Elimination
- Chapter 17: Locomotion and Movement
- Chapter 18: Neural Control and Coordination
- Chapter 19: Chemical Coordination and Integration
- Each unit has a brief write-up on the essence of the chapters.
- Each chapter begins with a detailed table of contents and ends with a summary and questions for self-evaluation.