Introduction to Earth Systems and Feedback Loops

Earth functions as an interconnected system where the disruption of one part impacts all other parts.
Environmental science applies a holistic approach to analyze Earth's components, their names, and how they function together.

Earth systems consist of the atmosphere, lithosphere, water, matter, molecules, organisms, species interactions, and abiotic (nonliving) components.
An ecosystem is the basic unit of the environment and ecology, characterized by interactions between living individuals and nonliving components, the cycling of matter, and the flow of energy.
Ecosystem services supporting human society include soil formation, water purification, air purification, breakdown of pollutants, nutrient cycling, and pollination.

A feedback loop is a circular process in which a system's output serves as an input to that same system.
The designations positive and negative describe the direction of system movement, not beneficial or harmful outcomes.
Negative Feedback Loops:
- Output moves the system in the opposite direction, neutralizing effects and stabilizing the system near its normal state.
- Represents the majority of natural systems (e.g., body temperature homeostasis).
Positive Feedback Loops:
- Output moves the system in the same direction, driving it further toward an extreme.
- Rare in undisturbed nature, but common in natural systems altered by humans.
- Examples include exponential human population growth, soil erosion, melting of sea ice, and climate warming driven by air conditioning usage and c o two output.