General Education (A) March 2023 — Comprehensive Notes

General Education (A) March 2023 — Comprehensive Study Notes

  • The transcript comprises 100 multiple-choice questions across language, literature, social studies, science, and mathematics. The notes below summarize key concepts tested, with the likely correct answers and brief explanations for each item.

  • Formatting:

    • All mathematical expressions, numbers, formulas, or variables are shown in LaTeX between double dollar signs, as requested.
    • Key concepts are organized into topic-focused sections with bullet-point summaries and item-specific notes.

Vocabulary, Idioms, and Word Usage

  • 1. Candor means honesty. Answer: A
    • Candor = openness and truthfulness; contrasts with shyness, bitterness, or courage in the options.
  • 2. Voracious reader means a very eager, insatiable reader. Answer: D
    • Context: ready access to many books/magazines; read from cover to cover in one sitting.
  • 3. The moral of the story (not morality or moralism) expresses the lesson that honesty is best. Answer: D
  • 4. The expression “baduy” connotes being unrefined or unfashionable, i.e., uneducated in common usage. Answer: A
  • 5. Prefixes in inappropriate, illegal, irresponsible, unaware are negative prefixes. Answer: C
  • 6. Grammar/pronoun use: “I can’t find my calculator; may I use yours, Richard?” Answer: A (My, yours in order)
  • 7. Past perfect usage: “first time I had seen her since Christmas.” Answer: D
  • 8. Idiom understanding: “finger in the pie” means to take a share of the pie. Answer: B
  • 9. Conditional/hypothetical grammar: “Had I studied very well, I would have been rewarded.” Answer: B
    1. With neither… nor, the verb agrees with the nearer part (plural “students” here): Answer: D
    1. “Please give him my warm regards.” Answer: C
    1. Figure of speech in “O wild west wind!” is Apostrophe. Answer: C
    1. In “The Brook,” the line about a tiny snake is likely Personification. Answer: A
    1. The teacher’s emphasis on cleanliness reflects focus on pupils’ cleanliness (body cleanliness for health). Answer: A
    1. A story told via letters is Epistolary literature. Answer: B
    1. First mythical geographer described by his hero Ulysses: Homer. Answer: B
    1. Filipino writer in English using Hispanic Filipino culture in fiction: Nick Joaquin. Answer: B
    1. Newspaper section with public opinions: Editorial Section. Answer: D
    1. Rubaiyat theme emphasizes living in the moment; “Grasp pleasure while you can.” Answer: B
    1. Psalm 23 line meaning: emphasis on peace and prosperity (provided by God). Answer: D
    1. “Tayo-tayo” (self-reliant) mentality change goal: develop sense of common good. Answer: A
    1. Self-efficacy characteristics: not avoiding challenges; the statement “Avoid challenging tasks” is NOT a characteristic. Answer: C
    1. Negative religiosity attitude discussed: resignation leading to passive improvement efforts. Answer: B
    1. Filipino National Artist from Angono (composer): Lucio San Pedro. Answer: C
    1. The lowest form of learning: likely Conditioning (early behaviorist learning). Answer: D
    1. Application of behavioral theories in teaching/learning: Educational Psychology. Answer: C
    1. Marcelo H. Del Pilar’s term for church domination: Frailocracia (frailocracy). Answer: D
    1. Exemption from forced labor (bandala) during the Hispanic era by paying a fee (falla). Answer: D
    1. President’s pledge to defend its Constitution. Answer: A
    1. Concrete promise of U.S. independence after stable government (Jones Law). Answer: A
    1. Participation in governance (vote, public office) secured under Political Rights. Answer: A
    1. Writ of habeas data protects information privacy. Answer: A
    1. Economic policy favoring greatest good (utilitarianism). Answer: D
    1. Ultimate objective of comprehensive Agrarian Reform: distribute arable lands to the landless. Answer: B
    1. Bias toward manual occupations can lead to a “blue collar” focused mindset (blue-collar mania). Answer: C
    1. Revival of the classics in social trends is most aligned with Humanist perspective. Answer: C
    1. Interconnectedness between social and environmental injustice: toxic waste dumped by industrialized countries to poorer countries. Answer: A
    1. Tax on all employed professionals: Income tax. Answer: A
    1. Checks and balances safeguard against one branch becoming abusive. Answer: C
    1. Reasoned understanding of God is typical of Thomas Aquinas. Answer: D
    1. Ant colony coping strategies and ecological behavior best described as Ecological success. Answer: C
    1. Breeding in captivity to restore endangered species: Artificial insemination. Answer: A
    1. Father of modern taxonomy and coining Homo sapiens: Linnaeus. Answer: D
    1. Molecules containing an organism’s genetic make-up: Nucleic acids. Answer: B
    1. Protein shell of a virus: Capsid. Answer: A
    1. Most disadvantageous energy source for population food supplies: Plants (bioenergy that competes with food). Answer: D
    1. Abundant energy source in the Philippines but underdeveloped: Sun (solar). Answer: B
    1. Polluted air carried by wind is often described as Acid rain (pollution phenomenon). Answer: D
    1. Plant cell in hypotonic solution swells (turgor pressure) but does not burst because of cell wall. Answer: D
    1. Macromolecules category includes polysaccharides, triglycerides, polypeptides, and nucleic acids. Answer: D
    1. Toothpick floats due to surface tension. Answer: A
    1. Metalloids have properties of both metals and non-metals. Answer: D
    1. Correct name for MnF3: Manganese (III) fluoride. Answer: C
    1. Textbook on table with no net force: sum of forces equals zero. Answer: C
    1. Pressure unit defined as one newton per square meter: Pascal. Answer: A
    1. Metric carat equals 200 mg. Answer: B
    1. NOT a characteristic of scientific assertion: Hearsay. Answer: D
    1. Speciation due to geographical isolation (dam creates barrier): Geographical isolation. Answer: A
    1. Global warming periods lead to increased atmospheric CO2. Answer: D
    1. Pay computation: base 3000 + 0.02 × (9500 − 4000) = 3110. Answer: C
    1. Bed price after 20% discount on Php 5,000: 4000. Answer: D
    1. GCF of 22, 15, 7 is 1. Answer: A
    1. Factorization: 2x^2 + 7x − 15 = (x + 5)(2x − 3). Answer: B
    1. Simplify (8x − 24)/(2x^2 − x − 15) → 8/(2x + 5). Answer: A
    1. Seconds in 24 hours: 86,400. Answer: A
    1. Graph type to show progress over four quarters: Line graph. Answer: B
    1. If (x + (−5))/2 = 10, then x = 25. Answer: B
    1. Numerical value of population is a parameter. Answer: C
    1. Probability of a die showing an even number (divisible by 2): 3/6 = 1/2. Answer: A
    1. Exponent in 10^5 + 6x is 5 (the exponent of 10^5). Answer: B
    1. Simplify [(3x − 12)/(3x)] ÷ (x − 4) = 1/x. Answer: D
    1. Prime factors of 120: 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 × 5. Answer: D
    1. Area of triangle with base 20 and height 5: A = (1/2) × 20 × 5 = 50. Answer: A
    1. To minimize pressure, place on the largest face: 5 m × 15 m side. Answer: C
    1. Simple interest calculation: I = 10000 × 0.08 × 3 = 2400; Total = 12400. Answer: A
    1. Map scale: 1.5 cm ⇄ 75 km ⇒ 270 km corresponds to 270 × (1.5/75) = 5.4 cm. Answer: D
    1. Sum of first 20 numbers minus sum of first 10 = 210 − 55 = 155. Answer: D
    1. Always true: sum of 5 consecutive numbers is divisible by 5. Answer: D
    1. Water bill: consumption = 430.4 − 417.8 = 12.6 kl; charge = 23 + 12.6 × 20 = 275. Answer: D
    1. Morphological change (ponemic) process: Metatesis. Answer: D
    1. Filipino linguistics item on words teka, san, tena, dali (phonology/morphemes): likely Assimilation/Metatesis context; (uncertain in isolation, but typical exam answer could be Metatesis). Answer: B (tentative)
    1. Affixes and roots: root that can stand alone is a Malayang ponema (free morpheme). Answer: C
    1. “Neneng is the apple of Daddy’s eye” means Neneng is beloved by Daddy. Answer: C
    1. The phrase “a storm in a teacup” means something is Bale-wala (insignificant). Answer: A
    1. “Kapalaran, huwag ka sanang mailap” uses Pagtawag (appeal/appeal to fate). Answer: A
    1. Kapapasok pa lang niya sa silid; aspect is Kontemplatibo (future). Answer: B
    1. Appropriate emotion for the line about late arrival: worry/concern (Pagkatakot). Answer: C
    1. Pag-aaral ng mga tuntunin kung paano inaayos ang mga salita sa loob ng pangungusap: Syntax. Answer: B
    1. Pangungusap tungkol sa pangyayaring pangkalikasan/pangkapaligiran: Phenomenal/penomenal. Answer: C
    1. Pagsasaling: literal vs. adaptation; “Mother cooked adobo” → “Si nanay ay nagsluto ng adobo para kay Kuya Manuel” is Literal translation. Answer: D
    1. Bilang ng pantig sa bawat taludtod = Sukat (meter). Answer: D
    1. Panghalip na ginagamit na panturo sa mga bagay (demonstrative pronouns): Pamatlig. Answer: B
    1. Malakas ang boses mo → part of speech: Pang-uri (adjective). Answer: C
    1. Salitang pagbuo ng salita gamit tatlong uri ng panlapi: Hinulapian (prefix-infix-suffix). Answer: D
    1. Pamamatnubay na lumilihis sa pamatnubay (reportorial style): Di-kombensyunal. Answer: D
    1. Mahaba ang pahayag ni Socrates; use a concise summary: Abstrak (abstract). Answer: C
    1. “You can count on me” → closer Filipino: “maaasahan mo ako.” Answer: C
    1. Meaning of “baba” in “alog na ang baba” (hoarse voice) indicates aging: Matanda na. Answer: C
    1. Reader-response theory is associated with Impresionista (Impressionist/reader-response). Answer: B
    1. Salitang ugat ng PATIRAHIN is “Tira.” Answer: C

Language Structure and Figures of Speech (Expanded Concepts)

  • Figures of Speech tested (selected items): apostrophe (12), personification (13), metaphor (17 context), simile (13 context), irony (12) and other devices.
  • Epistolary, epistolar y literature (15) explores how letters construct narrative.
  • Syntax, semantics, pragmatics (88–89): Distinctions among linguistic subfields; syntax deals with sentence structure; semantics with meaning; pragmatics with language use and context.

Reading Comprehension and Literature Forms (Key Concepts)

  • Moral vs. morality (3): Distinguish between the moral of a story and related nouns.
  • Epistolary form (15): Literature told via letters; contrasts with novels/short stories.
  • Thematic analysis (19): Rubaiyat emphasizes carpe diem and living in the moment.
  • Poetic devices in poems (12, 13): Apostrophe, Personification, Metaphor, etc.

Philippine History, Civics, and Social Studies (Key Content Areas)

  • Concepts of governance, suffrage, human rights, and civic duties (30–38, 31–39).
  • National Heroes, composers, and Filipino literature (16–24).
  • Agrarian reform and national policy objectives (34).
  • Taxation, economic policy, and governance safeguards (38–39).

Science, Technology, and Mathematics (Key Concepts and Formulas)

  • Ecology and evolution concepts (37–38, 58).
  • Basic physics: force, pressure, and Newtonian ideas (54–55).
  • Biology/macromolecules (44–45), genetics (44), virology basics (45).
  • Chemistry basics (52–53): Metalloids properties and nomenclature for inorganic compounds.
  • Environmental science: El Niño/La Niña, climate impacts (48, 59).
  • Mathematics and data interpretation:
    • Area of a triangle: A = frac{1}{2}bh with given values.
    • Circle/graph concepts (66).
    • Probability basics (69).
    • Factorization and algebra (63–64).
    • Rates, scales, and unit conversions (76).
    • Simple interest (75) and compound expectations noted (75). See item-specific notes for steps.

Formulas and Key Calculations (selected examples)

  • Gross pay with commission:
    ext{Gross Pay} = 3000 + 0.02 imes (9500 - 4000) = 3110.
  • Triangle area:
    A = rac{1}{2} imes 20 imes 5 = 50.
  • Simple interest for 3 years:
    I = P r t = 10000 imes 0.08 imes 3 = 2400, total = 12400.
  • Map scale distance:
    1.5 ext{ cm}
    ightarrow 75 ext{ km} \ ext{270 km}
    ightarrow 270 imes rac{1.5}{75} = 5.4 ext{ cm}.$$
  • Weather/climate CO2 implication:
    Increases in temperatures correlate with higher CO2 in the atmosphere (conceptual relationship).

Quick Reference: Answer Key Snapshot (Selected Items)

  • 1 A, 2 D, 3 D, 4 A, 5 C, 6 A, 7 D, 8 B, 9 B, 10 D, 11 C, 12 C, 13 A, 14 A, 15 B, 16 B, 17 B, 18 D, 19 B, 20 D, 21 A, 22 C, 23 B, 24 C, 25 D, 26 C, 27 D, 28 D, 29 A, 30 A, 31 A, 32 A, 33 D, 34 B, 35 C, 36 C, 37 A, 38 A, 39 C, 40 D, 41 C, 42 A, 43 D, 44 B, 45 A, 46 D, 47 B, 48 D, 49 D, 50 D, 51 A, 52 D, 53 C, 54 C, 55 A, 56 B, 57 D, 58 A, 59 D, 60 C, 61 D, 62 A, 63 B, 64 A, 65 A, 66 B, 67 B, 68 C, 69 A, 70 B, 71 D, 72 D, 73 A, 74 C, 75 A, 76 D, 77 D, 78 D, 79 D, 80 D, 81 (uncertain; typically a phonology/phoneme-focus item; tentative: B), 82 C, 83 C, 84 A, 85 A, 86 B, 87 C, 88 B, 89 C, 90 D, 91 D, 92 B, 93 C, 94 D, 95 D, 96 C, 97 C, 98 C, 99 B, 100 C

  • If you want, I can reformat this into a condensed one-page quick-review sheet or expand any section with more detailed explanations and worked examples.