NCM-206-Lec-Week-1-Pedia-Overview

Maternal Nursing Overview

  • Course: Care of Mother and Child at-risk or with problems (acute and chronic)

  • Instructor: Ms. Ederlyn Maura Monzon-Delamide RN MAN

  • Institution: World Citi Colleges

Introduction to Maternal and Child Health

  • Focus on national health situation, specifically maternal and child health

  • Key statistics:

    • Maternal mortality and morbidity rates

    • Infant mortality and morbidity rates

    • Other important health statistics

Maternal Health Indicators

  • Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR): Deaths per 100,000 live births due to pregnancy-related causes

  • Maternal Mortality Rate: Deaths per 1,000 women (ages 15-49) during a given time period

  • Lifetime Risk of Maternal Death: Probability of a 15-year-old woman dying from maternal causes

  • Antenatal Care Coverage (ANC): Proportion of pregnant women receiving antenatal visits

  • Skilled Birth Attendance: Percentage of live births attended by skilled health personnel

  • Postnatal Care (PNC): Percentage of mothers and newborns receiving care within 48 hours of delivery

Child Health Indicators

  • Infant Mortality Rate (IMR): Deaths of infants under one year per 1,000 live births

  • Neonatal Mortality Rate (NMR): Deaths within the first 28 days of life per 1,000 live births

  • Under-Five Mortality Rate (U5MR): Deaths of children under five per 1,000 live births

  • Stillbirth Rate: Stillbirths per 1,000 total births

  • Low Birth Weight (LBW): Percentage of live-born infants weighing <2,500 grams

Fertility and Population Indicators

  • Crude Birth Rate (CBR): Live births per 1,000 population per year

  • Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Average number of children a woman would have

  • Adolescent Birth Rate: Births per 1,000 women aged 15-19

Health Coverage and Intervention Indicators

  • Immunization Coverage: Percentage of children receiving vaccinations

  • Exclusive Breastfeeding Rate: Percentage of infants exclusively breastfed under six months

  • Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (CPR): Percentage of women using contraceptive methods

Health and Nutrition Indicators

  • Stunting: Percentage of children under five with height-for-age below standard

  • Wasting: % of children under five with weight-for-height below standard

  • Underweight: Percentage of children under five with weight-for-age below standard

  • Anemia Prevalence: Percentage of pregnant women/children with low hemoglobin levels

Pediatric Growth and Development

  • Growth: Increase in size;

  • Development: Maturation of function; influenced by internal and external factors

  • Stages of Growth:

    • Embryo (Implantation to 8 weeks)

    • Fetus (9 weeks to birth)

    • Newborn (Birth to 28 days)

    • Infant (1-12 months)

    • Toddler (1-3 years)

    • Preschool (3-5 years)

    • School Age (6-12 years)

    • Adolescence (13-18 years)

Assessment of Growth and Development

  • Growth Assessment: Weight, height, circumferences, bone age, dental age

  • Development Assessment: Motor, speech, cognitive, and personal social behavior

Principles of Growth and Development

  • Continuous and orderly process with rapid and slow growth periods

  • Growth follows a general to specific sequence

  • Influenced by genetic and environmental factors

Child Development Theories

  • Freud: Psychosexual Theory

  • Piaget: Cognitive Development

  • Erikson: Psychosocial Development

  • Vygotsky: Socio-Cultural Theory

  • Kohlberg: Moral Development

  • Bowlby: Attachment Theory

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness

  • Agencies involved: DOH, CHED, ADCPN, APSOM, PRC

Care of Infants (2 months to 5 years)

  • Management of common illnesses and nutrition

  • Monitoring and prevention of malnutrition and deficiencies

  • Importance of immunization and proper feeding counseling

Conclusion

  • Emphasis on the critical role of healthcare in improving maternal and child outcomes.