RLS Midterm October 5 Study Guide

Chapter 1:

How do we define leisure?

The textbook defines leisure as something that is like free time and can be meaningful to human beings

How do we conceptualize leisure in leisure studies?

Leisure is a complex and diverse term that depends on the person

Significance of studying leisure meanings through humanities.

Because leisure can be seen in many different aspects of someone's life. It can also help us understand what leisure is and was and what leisure can be.

The key meanings of leisure in the art pieces discussed in class.

In momo we can see that the gray man is telling the man that time shouldn’t be wasted and that he should use his time to be as productive as possible. We also see that the man doesn’t have much leisure in his life as he is always rushing. And that he doesn’t have a grasp of the surroundings around him.

The key meanings of leisure in the art pieces discussed in class

In the painting with the man looking at the woman in the black dress we can assume that the leisure during that time wasn;t spread equally between the two gender groups and that social class was evident. As people higher in the standings were seen to be richer and had more money than the people lower in the standings. Showing that the leisure at the time wasn’t equal and that you had to be privileged to experience leisure

The key meanings of leisure in music discussed in class

In class we discussed as groups and we said that you had to have some money to experience leisure. As those without money were continually working to have the leisure that they want but were just filled up on stress and working that they didn’t have leisure to enjoy themselves.

Explain findings of the studies about music by DeWall el al

The study that these people were studying were saying that in newer music it had more self-centered lyrics. And having less positive meanings towards the songs that they’re writing

Provide a logical argument in response to the textbooks question “While theater might be able to articulate pressure toward social change, can theater “cause” a social change?

It helps bring people together with the same interests and hobbies building relationships and trust

Identify key meanings of leisure in the theater and dance pieces discussed in class, explain why.

It helps bring people together and  share interest in the topics that they enjoy

Chapter 5

Explain characteristics of leisure and life among the Neanderthals and in the early humanities

They basically created the first art pieces and that was leisure to them and also farming and agriculture was considered a leisure activity to the Neanderthals.

Identify the characteristics of the Ancient Egyptian leisure provide examples

To the Ancient Egyptians family leisure was important and many games were created in the process such as Senat.

Identify key meanings of leisure in Ancient China

Leisure activities in Ancient China were a big aspect of Confucianism, Buddhism and Daoism. Also the 3 aspects of harmony that they focused on being: Harmony with Nature, Harmony with Other and Harmony with yourself.

Explain what leisure ideal and schole meant for Ancient Greeks

According to Athenians they saw leisure as a path towards a good life. They saw leisure as something that can make us honorable. And schole was basically leisure through reading, writing and doing acts that make your knowledge higher

Interpret Zuzaneks discussion regarding how we should and shouldn’t engage with ancient philosophers

People doing agricultural work found it pleasant and enjoyable

The key features and activities of the Ancient Olympic Games.

Running, Horse Racing, Wrestling and Savage Sports

The key meanings of leisure within Ancient Rome

The key meaning of leisure in Ancient Rome was a thing called mass leisure. Which was leisure that was available to many people in the society. An example being bread and circuses

Contrast the meanings and practices of leisure between Ancient Greece and Rome

The difference in the two cultures was Ancient Greece was the pursuit of the good life while Ancient Rome was the pursuit of a pleasant life. The Greeks believed in eudaimonia which was self-improvement while Rome believed in hedonia which was like the pursuit of money

The key characteristics of leisure among the Early Polynesians

These people didn’t travel for the pleasure of traveling but they traveled because of the desire to survive. They were seen as the earliest tourists.

Key meanings of leisure in Early Islam

The Islam people focused on the aspect of leisure through relaxation, friendly coversations with others. Gender across different times of the world is what made leisure what it is today.

Explain what conspicuous leisure is and why it was important to Medieval Europe.

Basically conspicuous leisure was a way that people felt leisure in holding massive parties and showing off all the materialistic things that they possessed. It was important in Medieval Europe as social class and hierarchy was evident in the societies, people with more money and assets were protected and had more leisure than those on the bottom of the hierarchy.

The implications of the Reformation movement in terms of its effect on people's leisure life.

It was a movement to reform the Catholic Church and promoted the purchase of indulgences (an expensive piece of paper” It was seen as a movement to allow people to have rest days and that working too much was bad for people’s sanity.

The implications of the Industrial Revolution in terms of its effect on people’s leisure life.

Background on the industrial revolution, it was basically a time where there were many technological advancements in the workforce which forced many people to lose jobs as many factories were being controlled by machines. Many social places such as the Playground movement and the Hull House were places where people could enjoy leisure.

Describe the rational recreation movement such as settlement houses and playground movement.

It was basically social shit at the time like a place for people to get leisure that they need. Example being the Hull House

Identify similarities and differences across leisure meanings and practices across historical times.

Every civilization had different ways of looking at leisure and different ways of achieving leisure. But in all of the civilizations leisure was something that many people saw as time to refresh the brain and get rest.

Chapter 2:

Understand and explain the components of neulinger's leisure paradigm. Provide examples for each of the 4 experiences in this paradigm

Look at slide notes

Distinguish freedom “from” and freedom “to” provide examples

Freedom from is something that you’re obligated to do while freedom to is choosing what you want to do. Examples of freedom from is like work or parenting and freedom to is like choosing to go out on a saturday night

Provide a logical argument against the textbooks position that freedom from is less satisfying than freedom to

Personally, as you grow tired of freedom from a job it’ll feel less satisfying and fulfilling than doing what you actually choose to do with the freedom that you have.

Interpret the findings of Walker's study in terms of intrinsic motivation across life domains.

Basically the way of helping people without getting anything in return feels better than doing something for money

Explain how researchers have studied happiness (eudaimonia vs hedonia)

Eudaimonia is the pursuit of excellence while hedonia is the pursuit of pleasure, enjoyment etc.

Explain major takeaways from the 2018 World Happiness Report and corresponding GDP rankings.

Basically money doesn’t buy happiness

Explain major takeaways from the pre and post-pandemic comparison based on the World Happiness Report Data

Look at slide notes

Lyubomirsky Happiness Study and the 3 major factors that impact our happiness.

10% life events

40% Intentional Activities

50% Genetics

Distinguish Epicureanism from Hedonism in terms of different types of philosophies of pleasure.

Basically says that leisure should be experienced in moderation. Hedonism being the source of leisure from fame and power etc.

Explain and apply the broaden and build theory

The theory basically says that positive emotions broaden our perspective and helps us find creative solutions

Explain and apply the four theories of why people play

The 4 theories are

1. Agon, competition that involves skill

2. Alea, luck and uncertainty

3. Mimicry, role play

4. Ilinx, vertigo and sense

Explain the findings of and the implications of Janke el Al’s study about the Red Hat Society

Older women at the Red Hat Society experience benefits from play as it enhances their stress and coping

Understand the findings of Mannell and McMahons humor study. Present a logical argument how the results might look different or similar if it was done today.

The study showed that college students experienced more humor through social interaction and not as much from mass media. An argument may be through social media sharing, you see a funny video online and share it with your friends online.

Explain what relaxation is and two main views of how important relaxation is

It’s the feeling of when we have nothing, no stress and anxiety. Low arousal The two main views of relaxation being is that it helps us be recharged and be more productive and the other view being relaxation allows us to pause and just be free

Interpret the results of Mannell et al study about relaxation

Look at slideshow notes

Compare and contrast the studies about solitude by Borrie and Roggenbuck and Patterson and Hammitt. Explain how we can reconcile the inconsistency between the two studies in terms of their findings

Look at slideshow notes

Identify examples of rituals in the definition of serious leisure

An example being people of the Islamic culture such as Mecca

Explain and apply the 6 characteristics of serious leisure

1. Personal, significant effort to gain knowledge, skills, and experiences

2. The need for perseverance

3. Leisure Career: stages of progression and turning points

4. Self-identification with the activity

5. Unique Ethos: a special social world with particular norms

6. Durable Benefits: Trophies, Medals

Identify three major benefits of risk-taking through leisure

1. Sensation or feeling of exhilaration

2. Feeling competence

3. Escape from the ordinary routine

Understand different reasons why people seek risk in leisure. Also explain what the different studies about risk-taking collectively indicate

The desire of adrenaline rush but see slideshow notes

Understand what spirituality is and what it involves, provide examples

Spirituality is the feelings, thoughts, experiences and behaviors that arise from the search of the sacred. Example being going to church

Studocu Study Guide

Chapter 1

Leisure: Complex concept depending on each person, but basically like free time.

Humanities: Creations made by humans that describe human experience such as literature, music, and art

The Camel’s Back by Fitzgerald: Basically just having fun in your youth while you have the time. The painting was after WW1 so there was rapid economic growth, affordable modern tech and lots of new jazz music

Impressionism: A style of art that presents an immediate impression of an object time or event

Schole: The pastime in which the Ancient Greks believed that reading, writing, thinking, debating etc was leisure

Mass Leisure: Leisure in which lots of people could enjoy the time of leisure.

Ex: Bread and Circuses- spectacles for social control

Eudaimonia: The pursuit of the good life (volunteering and fundraising

Hedonia: The pursuit of the pleasant life (playing a sport you enjoy)

Conspicuous Leisure: Basically leisure that comes from showing off all the assets that you have, showing you social class status

Industrial Revolution: A time in which there were a mass of jobs being lost and the mechanization of factories made work harder to find. People sold their farms and agricultural land and moved to the big cities in hopes of finding a job.

• Settlement houses were created to give people childcare and adult education

• Around the same time the playground movement was added which installed sandboxes and the creation of Boy Scouts and Girl Guides

3 main types of leisure today

1. Leisure as free time

2. Leisure as recreational activity

3. Leisure as a special spirit psychological experience

Chapter 2

Explain the meaning of eudaimonia and hedonia provide examples:

• Eudaimonia: a life characterized by virtuousness, basically like self-actualization

3 Factors that impact our happiness and the percentages

1. 50% Genetics and Personality

2. 40% Acts of kindness

3. 10% Life events like childbirth and marriage

Epicureanism: Pleasure should be experienced in moderation

Hedonism: Pleasure through fame, power and wealth being the highest goal in life.

Broaden and Build Theory: Positive emotions broaden our perspective and helps us find creative solutions

4 theories of play:

1. Surplus Energy: We burn up extra energy from play

2. Preparation: Kids are practicing for adult life

3. Catharsis: Channeling negativity into something tolerable or positive

4. Arousal Seeking: Seeking optimal arousal, not too bored or not too nervous

Playfulness: The predisposition to frame or reframe a situation in such a way as to provide oneself and possibly others with amusement, humor and entertainment

4 types of play:

1. Agon: Play that involves skill

2. Alea: Luck and uncertainty

3. Mimicry: Role playing

4. Illinx: Vertigo and sense

THe results of Mannell et al: Many leisure activities are done alone providing an opportunity for growth and creativity.

Ritual: Sequence and tradition (Christmas)

Serious Leisure:

The systematic pursuit of an amateur, hobbyist, or volunteer core activity that is highly substantial, interesting and fulfilling and where participants find a career in acquiring and expressing a combo of its special skills, knowledge and experience

6 Characteristics of serious leisure

1. Personal, effort to gain knowledge and skills

2. The need for perseverance

3. Leisure career: Stages of progression and turning points

4. Self-Identification with the activity

5. Unique ethos: a special social world with particular norms

6. Durable benefits: Self-development or trophies

Risk: Experience of excitement and danger with the potential of dying, or injuries

Benefits of risk: Sensation or feeling exhilaration

Feeling Competence

Escape from the ordinary