health assesment

Please provide the context or sentence fragment that needs to be completed.

Skin

Largest organ, protects underlying tissues and structures.

Epidermis

Outer skin layer, replaced every 3-4 weeks.

Dermis

Inner skin layer containing glands and hair follicles.

Subcutaneous Tissue

Loose connective tissue with fat cells and nerves.

Sebaceous Glands

Secrete sebum, waterproofs hair and skin.

Eccrine Glands

Sweat glands located all over the body.

Apocrine Glands

Sweat glands associated with hair follicles.

Vellus Hair

Fine body hair aiding in thermoregulation.

Terminal Hair

Thicker hair on scalp and eyebrows.

Nails

Keratinized plates protecting fingers and toes.

Not studied (178)

You haven't studied these terms yet!

Select these 178

Nail Body

Extends over nail bed, appears pink due to blood.

Lunula

Crescent-shaped area at the base of the nail.

Subjective Data

Information gathered from patient about health concerns.

Skin Assessment

Evaluates local and systemic skin conditions.

Local Problems

Irritation or disease affecting skin, hair, nails.

Systemic Problems

Conditions like circulation issues affecting skin health.

Health History

Includes personal, family, and lifestyle factors.

Cultural Concerns

Considerations during patient examination and interaction.

Examination Equipment

Tools like gloves, light, and magnifying glass.

Inspection Key Points

Check color, temperature, moisture, and integrity.

Skin Lesions

Abnormal changes in skin condition to evaluate.

Capillary Refill

Test for circulation, should be less than 2 seconds.

Privacy During Examination

Ensure client comfort and confidentiality during assessment.

Daily Skin Care

Routine involving soaps, lotions, and cosmetics.

Sun Exposure History

Assess past sunburns and sunscreen use.

Hair Condition

Evaluate for loss or unusual growth patterns.

Nail Condition

Assess for changes in appearance or health.

Pallor

Loss of skin color indicating anemia or blood supply issues.

Jaundice

Yellowing of skin and mucosa, indicating liver issues.

Acanthosis Nigricans

Velvety darkening of skin in body folds.

Cyanosis

Blue-tinged skin, indicating oxygen deficiency.

Central Cyanosis

Cyanosis indicating cardiovascular problems.

Peripheral Cyanosis

Cyanosis due to vasoconstriction.

Albinism

Generalized loss of skin pigmentation.

Butterfly Rash

Facial rash associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Braden Scale

Tool assessing pressure sore risk factors.

Pressure Injuries

Serious skin breakdown from unrelieved pressure.

Primary Lesions

Initial skin changes, including macules and papules.

Macule

Flat skin color change, < 1 cm.

Patch

Flat skin color change, > 1 cm.

Papule

Raised, circumscribed lesion, < 0.5 cm.

Plaque

Raised lesion, > 0.5 cm, often flat-topped.

Nodule

Solid mass, 0.5 - 2 cm, deeper than papule.

Tumor

Mass > 2 cm, may lack sharp borders.

Vesicle

Fluid-filled lesion, < 0.5 cm.

Bulla

Fluid-filled lesion, > 0.5 cm.

Wheal

Elevated mass with irregular borders, transient.

Pustule

Pus-filled vesicle or bulla.

Cyst

Encapsulated mass in subcutaneous tissue.

Erosion

Loss of superficial epidermis, does not reach dermis.

Ulcer

Loss of skin extending past epidermis, necrotic.

Skin Integrity

Normal skin is intact with no reddened areas.

Skin Breakdown

Progression to serious pressure injuries.

Self-Repositioning

Change position every 15 minutes or 2 hours.

Nutritional Support

High protein diet aids skin health.

Moisturizers

Used to prevent dry skin and maintain integrity.

Scar

Replacement connective tissue after wound healing.

Fissure

Linear crack in skin extending into dermis.

Petechia

Round red/purple macule, 1-2 mm size.

Ecchymosis

Larger macular lesion than petechia, various colors.

Hematoma

Localized blood collection, elevated ecchymosis.

Cherry angioma

Papular red/purple lesions, blanches with pressure.

Spider angioma

Red arteriole lesion, associated with liver disease.

Telangiectasis

Bluish/red lesion, does not blanch on compression.

Linear configuration

Straight line or streak lesion pattern.

Annular configuration

Circular lesions, example: tinea corporis.

Clustered configuration

Grouped lesions, example: herpes simplex.

Discrete configuration

Individual distinct lesions, example: multiple nevi.

Nummular configuration

Coin-shaped lesions, example: nummular eczema.

Confluent configuration

Smaller lesions merge into larger lesion.

Palpation

Method for assessing skin texture and moisture.

Normal skin texture

Smooth and even surface.

Abnormal skin texture

Rough, flaky, dry indicates hypothyroidism.

Normal skin thickness

Thin, may have calluses in pressure areas.

Very thin skin

Indicates arterial insufficiency or steroid therapy.

Moisture assessment

Check skin folds for moisture levels.

Diaphoresis

Excessive sweating due to fever or hyperthyroidism.

Decreased moisture

Occurs with dehydration or hypothyroidism.

Normal skin temperature

Warm to touch.

Cold skin

Indicates shock, hypotension, or arterial disease.

Warm skin

Indicates fever or hyperthyroidism.

Mobility

Ease of skin pinching.

Turgor

Skin elasticity and recoil after pinching.

Normal skin recoil

Immediate return after pinching.

Decreased turgor

Occurs with dehydration, recoil > 2 seconds.

Edema

Swelling from fluid accumulation in tissue.

Alopecia

Hair loss.

Nail inspection

Check grooming, color, markings, and shape.

Normal nail appearance

Clean, pink tones, some longitudinal ridging.

Abnormal nail appearance

Dirty, broken, pale, or cyanotic nails.

Beau lines

Lines on nails after acute illness.

Yellow discoloration

Indicates fungal infection or psoriasis presence.

Clubbing

Angle >180 degrees due to hypoxia.

Spoon nails

Concave shape associated with iron deficiency.

Skin cancer

Most prevalent cancer type globally.

Melanoma

Malignant skin cancer with varied colors.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Common in Caucasians; waxy nodules form.

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Rough, ulcerated tumors more common in darker skin.

Malignant melanoma

Most serious form of skin cancer.

Melanoma statistics

100,350 new cases diagnosed in 2020, US.

Melanoma mortality

6,850 annual deaths in the US.

Sun exposure

Increases skin cancer risk, especially in childhood.

Nonsolar UVR sources

Includes tanning booths and sunlamps.

PUVA therapy

Photochemotherapy for severe skin diseases.

Genetic susceptibility

Family history increases melanoma risk.

Atypical moles

Higher risk for melanoma development.

Fair skin

Burns easily; increased melanoma risk.

Age factor

Older age correlates with higher risk.

Actinic keratosis

Pre-cancerous skin condition from sun exposure.

Bowen disease

Scaly patch indicating possible SCC.

Depressed immune system

Increases risk for skin cancers.

Client education

Emphasizes sun protection and skin examination.

ABCDE mnemonic

Assess skin lesions: Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Evolving.

Cervical vertebrae

C1-C7 support the cranium.

C7 vertebra

Most prominent at neck's base.

Lymph nodes function

Filter lymph, produce lymphocytes and antibodies.

Normal lymph nodes

Not palpable; feel like small beads.

Abnormal lymph nodes

Swollen indicates infection; enlarged suggests cancer.

Temporal artery

Located between ear and eye; checks for tenderness.

Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)

Examined for swelling and range of motion.

Temporal arteritis

Urgent condition; inflammation may cause blindness.

Neck inspection

Check for symmetry and bulging masses.

Thyroid movement

Observe during swallowing for assessment.

Thyroid Cartilage

Moves upward symmetrically during swallowing.

Cervical Vertebrae

Neck bones; C7 is prominent.

Range of Motion

Head movement; includes chin to chest.

Neck Movement

Asymmetric movement indicates potential issues.

Thyroid Gland

Usually not palpable; lobes smooth and firm.

Lymphadenopathy

Nodes >1cm indicate infection or disease.

Cushing Syndrome

Moon-shaped face; high cortisol levels.

Scleroderma

Tightened skin; autoimmune connective tissue disease.

Parkinson's Disease

Mask-like face; shuffling gait and rigidity.

Sinus Headache

Deep, throbbing pain in facial area.

Cluster Headache

Stabbing pain; may cause eye symptoms.

Tension Headache

Dull, tight, diffuse head pain.

Migraine

Severe headache with nausea and light sensitivity.

Hypothyroidism

Symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.

Myxedema

Most severe form of hypothyroidism.

Hyperthyroidism

Symptoms include weight loss and heat intolerance.

Goiter

Thyroid enlargement; may indicate hyperthyroidism.

Bradycardia

Slow heart rate; common in hypothyroidism.

Oligomenorrhea

Infrequent menstrual periods; seen in hyperthyroidism.

Proximal Myopathy

Weakness in central body muscles.

Traumatic Brain Injury

Education on safety and protective equipment.

Abdominal Shape

Includes flat, rounded, distended, or scaphoid.

Abdominal Symmetry

Should be symmetric; indicates normalcy.

Thyroid Lobes

Right lobe typically 25% larger than left.

Lymph Node Consistency

Normal nodes are soft; abnormal are hard.

Node Mobility

Normal nodes are mobile; fixed in metastasis.

Node Tenderness

Non-tender nodes are normal; tenderness indicates infection.

Asymmetry

Organ enlargement, hernia, or bowel obstruction.

Aortic Pulsation

Visible above umbilicus; slight or vigorous.

Bulges

Midline umbilical area; normal is recessed or protruding.

Hernia

Bulge in abdominal wall; abnormal finding.

Peristalsis

Wave-like muscle contractions in digestive tract.

Bowel Sounds

Normal: 5-30 sounds/min; active, hyperactive, hypoactive.

Hyperactive Bowel Sounds

> 30 sounds/min; rushing, high-pitched, tinkling.

Hypoactive Bowel Sounds

< 5 sounds/min; indicates reduced intestinal activity.

Light Palpation

Assess tenderness; abdomen should be soft, non-tender.

Pupillary Light Reflex

Pupils constrict when exposed to bright light.

Direct Reflex

Constriction in eye exposed to light.

Indirect Reflex

Constriction in opposite eye not exposed to light.

Accommodation

Eyes focus on near objects; functional reflex.

Myopia

Impaired far vision; e.g., 20/40 vision.

Legally Blind

Vision of 20/200 or worse.

Presbyopia

Impaired near vision; caused by decreased accommodation.

Strabismus

Constant misalignment of eyes.

Esotropia

Inward turning of the eyes.

Exotropia

Outward turning of the eyes.

Nystagmus

Oscillating eye movement; linked to inner ear issues.

Ptosis

Drooping upper eyelid; may indicate nerve damage.

Entropion

Inverted lower lid; can injure cornea.

Ectropion

Everted lower lid; leads to conjunctiva drying.

Hordeolum (Stye)

Infection of eyelash hair follicle.

Chalazion

Infection of meibomian gland; painful.

Conjunctivitis

Redness of conjunctiva; commonly known as pink eye.

Episcleritis

Noninfectious inflammation of conjunctiva.

Jaundice

Yellowing of conjunctiva; indicates liver issues.

Palpebral Conjunctiva

Lower lid area; should be clear without lesions.

Arcus Senilis

White arc around limbus; normal in older adults.

Cataracts

Clouding of lens; leading cause of blindness.

Miosis

Pinpoint pupils; may indicate narcotic use.

Anisocoria

Unequal pupils; causes vary by light conditions.

Mydriasis

Dilated and fixed pupils; indicates CNS injury.

Optic Disc

Area where optic nerve enters retina.

Papilledema

Swelling of optic disc; indicates increased intracranial pressure.

Glaucoma

Enlarged optic disc cup; can lead to vision loss.

Screening for Cataracts

Recommended every 1-2 years for those over 65