Periodic Table and Elements Flashcards

Materials and Elements

  • Materials are composed of elements.

  • Elements are listed on the Periodic Table.

Periodic Table Structure

  • Periods: Horizontal rows on the Periodic Table.

  • Groups: Vertical columns on the Periodic Table.

  • The periodic table organizes elements based on their properties and atomic structure.

Location of Elements on the Periodic Table

  • Metals are located on the left side of the zigzag line.

  • Non-metals are located on the right side of the zigzag line.

  • Metalloids (or half-metals) are located on either side of the zigzag line.

  • Elements in groups 3-12 are transition metals.

Specific Groups

  • Group 1: Alkali metals.

  • Group 2: Alkaline earth metals.

  • Group 17: Halogens.

  • Group 18: Noble gases.

Matter and Atoms

  • All matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.

  • Atoms comprise three basic particles:

    • Protons: Positively charged particles located in the nucleus.

    • Neutrons: Neutrally charged (no charge) particles located in the nucleus.

    • Electrons: Negatively charged particles.

Examples of Elements

  • Calcium (Ca)

  • Neodymium (Nd)

  • Yttrium (Y)

Atomic Information Examples

  • Ca (Calcium):

    • Atomic Number: 20

    • Atomic Mass: 40.078

  • Nd (Neodymium):

    • Atomic Number: 60

    • Atomic Mass: 144.24

  • Y (Yttrium):

    • Atomic Number: 39

    • Atomic Mass: 88.906