Periodic Table and Elements Flashcards

Materials and Elements

• Materials are composed of elements.

• Elements are listed on the Periodic Table.

Periodic Table Structure

• Periods: Horizontal rows on the Periodic Table.

• Groups: Vertical columns on the Periodic Table.

• The periodic table organizes elements based on their properties and atomic structure.

Location of Elements on the Periodic Table

• Metals are located on the left side of the zigzag line.

• Non-metals are located on the right side of the zigzag line.

• Metalloids (or half-metals) are located on either side of the zigzag line.

• Elements in groups 3-12 are transition metals.

Specific Groups

• Group 1: Alkali metals.

• Group 2: Alkaline earth metals.

• Group 17: Halogens.

• Group 18: Noble gases.

Matter and Atoms

• All matter consists of tiny particles called atoms.

• Atoms comprise three basic particles:

  • Protons: Positively charged particles located in the nucleus.

  • Neutrons: Neutrally charged (no charge) particles located in the nucleus.

  • Electrons: Negatively charged particles.

Examples of Elements

• Calcium (Ca)

• Neodymium (Nd)

• Yttrium (Y)

Atomic Information Examples

• $Ca$ (Calcium):

  • Atomic Number: $20$

  • Atomic Mass: $40.078$

• $Nd$ (Neodymium):

  • Atomic Number: $60$

  • Atomic Mass: $144.24$

• $Y$ (Yttrium):

  • Atomic Number: $39$

  • Atomic Mass: $88.906$