Mirrors

Page 1

  • Title: Qualitative Characteristics of Images Formed by Mirrors

  • Focus: Exploring how images form in plane mirrors

Page 2

  • Learning Objectives:

    • Define mirrors and reflection.

    • Describe the image formation in plane mirrors with ray diagrams.

    • Predict qualitative characteristics of images formed by plane mirrors (orientation, type, magnification).

Page 3

  • What is a Mirror?

    • Definition: A smooth reflecting surface, usually glass or polished metal with a metallic coating.

    • Types:

      • Plane mirror

      • Curved mirror

Page 4

  • Principle of Reflection:

    • Mirrors operate on reflection, where light bounces off surfaces.

    • Light rays reflect at the same angle they arrive but in a different direction.

Page 5

  • Plane Mirrors:

    • Image characteristics:

      • Appears behind the mirror; however, it is virtual.

      • Image distance (q) is negative.

Page 6

  • Magnification in Plane Mirrors:

    • Height of image (h') equals height of object (h).

    • Magnification (M) = h' / h = 1.

Page 7

  • Reflection Process:

    • Guided by the law of reflection:

      • Angle of incidence (Oi) = Angle of reflection (Or).

Page 8

  • Law of Reflection:

    • Components:

      • Incident Ray: Approaches the mirror.

      • Reflected Ray: Leaves the mirror.

      • Normal Line: Perpendicular to the mirror at the point of incidence.

Page 9

  • Angles:

    • Angle of incidence (Oi): Between incident ray and normal line.

    • Angle of reflection (Or): Between reflected ray and normal line.

Page 10

  • Types of Reflection:

    • Specular/Regular Reflection:

      • Occurs on smooth surfaces (e.g., mirrors, calm water).

      • Example: Image of Mayon volcano in calm water.

Page 11

  • Specular/Regular Reflection:

    • Same as above; emphasis on smooth surface properties.

Page 12

  • Types of Reflection:

    • Diffused/Irregular Reflection:

      • Occurs on rough surfaces (e.g., clothing, paper).

      • Example: Mountain image on wavy water.

Page 13

  • Diffused/Irregular Reflection:

    • Same as above; highlights rough surface effects.

Page 14

  • Summary of Reflection Types:

    • Specular Reflection: Smooth surfaces.

    • Diffuse Reflection: Rough surfaces.

    • Image appearance depends on surface texture.

Page 15

  • Curved Mirrors:

    • Definition: Reflecting surfaces are sections of a sphere.

    • Types:

      • Concave mirror

      • Convex mirror

Page 16

  • Kinds of Curved Mirrors:

    • Concave Mirrors:

      • Surface bulges away from the light source.

      • Known as converging mirrors; parallel rays converge at focal point.

Page 17

  • Kinds of Curved Mirrors:

    • Convex Mirrors:

      • Surface bulges towards the light source.

      • Known as diverging mirrors; parallel rays diverge after reflection.