Year 9 History Notes

Year 9 History - Semester 1

  • Industrial Revolution

  • Reasons for the settlement of Australia

  • How Australia became a nation

  • Rum Rebellion

  • Eureka

  • The Constitution

Year 9 History - Semester 2

  • The Initial Effect of Colonisation on First Nations People

  • Frontier Wars

  • Stolen Generation

  • Civil Rights Movement in Australia

  • Civil Rights Movement in America

Britain 1750-1900 The Age of Change!

  • Life changed significantly in Britain over 150 years.

Rulers of Britain

  • 1727-1760: George II

  • 1760-1820: George III

  • 1820-1830: George IV

  • 1830-1837: William IV

  • 1837-1901: Victoria

Population and Lifestyle in 1750

  • Approximately 11 million people lived in Britain.

  • Most people lived in the countryside.

  • London was the only big city, with about 650,000 people.

  • Manchester was a small town of around 8,000.

  • (Plus about 3.2 million living in Ireland)

Economy in 1750

  • 8 out of 10 people worked in the countryside.

  • Most were subsistence farmers.

  • Woolen cloth production was the next biggest industry, done at home.

  • Cottage industries were common.

  • Handmade goods included buttons, needles, cloth, bricks, and pottery.

  • Developing towns: Liverpool, Birmingham, Glasgow

Travel in 1750

  • Transport links were poor.

  • No proper roads, no trains.

  • Local accents and dialects varied greatly, causing communication difficulties.

Health in 1750

  • Medical and scientific knowledge was limited.

  • Common killer diseases: pneumonia, bronchitis, diphtheria, tuberculosis, cholera, smallpox.

  • Simple operations only; no anaesthetics or antiseptics.

  • Average life expectancy: 30 years.

  • 15 in every 100 children died before their 1st birthday.

  • 1 in 5 mothers died following childbirth.

Politics in 1750

  • Voting and becoming an MP depended on owning land and being male.

  • Government was made up of rich men.

  • Ordinary people had limited means to improve their situation

Leisure in 1750

  • Most people were unable to read or write.

  • Popular entertainments: dancing, music, dog fighting, football, gambling, fishing, archery.

  • Public executions were popular.

Summary of England in 1750

  • Population: Small, around 6 million, spread out

  • Transport: Slow and dangerous (10 days London to Edinburgh)

  • Work: Subsistence farming, limited resources, dangerous

  • Health: Limited medical knowledge (28 deaths per 1000 per year)

  • Politics: Restricted to the rich (5% of male adults could vote)

  • Education: Limited (7 universities)

The Industrial Revolution

  • First Industrial Revolution (1750-1850): steam, factories, trains, towns

  • Agrarian (Agricultural) Revolution (1700 – 1850): farm ownership transfer, new technologies, greater crop yield.

  • Second Industrial Revolution (1850-1900): electricity, sound, film, cars

  • 1900-1950: spread to other countries (USA, Germany, France)

  • 1950-now: spreading across the globe (Japan, China, Russia, India)

  • 1970-now: nuclear/technological revolution (global!)

Ways of Acquiring Goods

  • Paleolithic Age: Nomadic hunters and gatherers.

  • Neolithic Revolution: Settled agriculture and domestication of animals.