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Context clues: An outside-the-word strategy that students can use to figure out the meaning of unknown words from the surrounding sentence or sentences.
Tier 3 words: Words that are highly specific to a particular subject or content area.
Morpheme: The smallest unit of meaning.
Explicit word learning: Words are learned as teachers clearly demonstrate or explain what a word means and show students how to solve for unknown words; direct word learning.

Prefix: Bound morphemes that appear at the beginning of a word.
Suffix: Bound morphemes that appear at the end of a word.
Affix: Used to describe both prefixes and suffixes; modifies the meaning of words.
Free morphemes: Morphemes that can stand alone as words.

Tier 2 words: Words that are commonly used in academic settings and across content areas.
Incidental word learning: New words are learned through the context of the students’ environment, including listening and reading tasks; indirect word learning.
Tier 1 words: General words that are typically in the spoken vocabulary for most students and are typically acquired through interactions with other people and texts.
Cognate: Bound morphemes that are often Latin or Greek in origin, or two words having a shared ancestral language meaning.