Prokaryote 

Borrelia burgdorferi

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Spirochete

• Significance: Causes Lyme disease, transmitted by ticks.

Candidatus Prometheoarchaeum syntrophicum

• Gram Status: Unknown

• Shape: Unknown

• Significance: An archaeal bacterium that engages in syntrophic metabolism, may play a role in biogeochemical cycles.

Methanobrevibacter smithii

• Gram Status: Not applicable (Archaea)

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Major component of the human gut microbiome, involved in the digestion of complex carbohydrates and production of methane.

Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes

• Gram Status: Positive

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Associated with acne, part of skin microbiota.

Lactococcus lactis

• Gram Status: Positive

• Shape: Coccus

• Significance: Used in the production of cheese and probiotics.

Bacteroides spp.

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Major component of human gut flora; important for digestion and health.

Helicobacter pylori

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Spiral

• Significance: Associated with peptic ulcers and gastric cancer.

Salmonella enterica Typhimurium

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Common cause of food poisoning.

Yersinia enterocolitica

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Causes gastrointestinal infections.

Yersinia pseudotuberculosis

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Causes a disease similar to tuberculosis.

Yersinia pestis

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Cause of the plague.

Campylobacter jejuni

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Spiral

• Significance: Leading cause of bacterial food poisoning.

Salmonella enterica Typhi

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Causes typhoid fever.

O157H7 Escherichia coli

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Pathogenic strain causing severe foodborne illness.

Cryptosporidium parvum

• Gram Status: Not applicable (Protozoa)

• Shape: Oocyst

• Significance: Causes crypto-sporidiosis, vital to public health considerations.

Vibrio cholerae

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Comma

• Significance: The causative agent of cholera, a severe diarrheal disease.

Shigella dysenteriae

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Causes bacillary dysentery and diarrhea.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Diplococcus

• Significance: Causative agent of gonorrhea, an important sexually transmitted infection.

Chlamydia trachomatis

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Coccus

• Significance: Causes chlamydia infection, the most prevalent STI.

Treponema pallidum

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Spirochete

• Significance: Causative agent of syphilis.

Nitrosomonas spp.

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Important in nitrogen cycle, converts ammonia to nitrites.

Rhizobium spp.

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Forms symbiotic relationships with legumes, fixing atmospheric nitrogen.

Thermus aquaticus

• Gram Status: Negative

• Shape: Rod

• Significance: Source of Taq polymerase, widely used in PCR techniques.