Slide Set 14-CV Tier Timing Tier-F2024
Page 1: Overview
LING 331: Phonology 1
Course taught by H. Goad in Fall 2024
Slide Set 14 focuses on Timing Tier and CV Tier
Page 2: Length Contrasts
Topic: Representing Length Contrasts (14.2)
Page 3: Types of Length Contrasts
Length contrasts described:
Consonant Length: Example - [pappa] vs [papa] (Italian for 'baby food' vs 'Pope')
Vowel Length: Example - [bɪt] (English 'bit') vs [biːt] / [bijt] (English 'beat')
Long vs Short:
English has a contrast between long ([iː]/[ij]) and short ([ɪ]) vowels, with the following observations:
The relationship is complex; long is [+tense] and short is [-tense].
Phonological representation of both dimensions is debatable.
Evidence supports length differences being phonologically represented despite weak cuing.
Page 4: Representing Length Contrasts
Key Questions:
How are vowel and consonant length contrasts represented?
Is there a binary feature [±long]?
Example from Woleaian (Micronesia):
Shortening of long vowels and deletion of short vowels (e.g., /peʃaː/ → [peʃa] for 'flint').
Shows need to explore unified accounts of vowel behavior.
Page 5: Introducing the CV Tier
Title: CV Tier (aka Timing Tier) (1.1)
Page 6: Definition of the CV Tier
Definition:
A linear arrangement of consonant (C) and vowel (V) slots connecting features to syllable structure.
The number of segments corresponds to the number of C and V slots, termed as timing units.
Examples:
Consonant Length in Italian: [papa] vs [pappa]
Vowel Length in English: [bɪt] vs [biːt] / [bijt]
Page 7: Vowel Shortening and Deletion in Woleaian
Unification of vowel shortening and deletion expressed through:
Rule: V → Ø / __ #
Example Applications:
/feluː/ → [felu] (shortened),
/kabu/ → [kab] (deleted).
Page 8: Autonomy of Timing Units
Title: Autonomy of Timing Units (1.2)
Page 9: Predicting Autonomy
Two-tiered representations predict:
Deletion of segment materials while preserving timing units.
Preservation of segmental material while deleting timing units.
Compensatory Lengthening in Greek:
Early Greek examples show how deletions can preserve timing units.
Page 10: Compensatory Lengthening in Luganda
Observations:
Noun class prefixes are maintained before consonants.
Compensatory lengthening occurs when prefix vowel features are deleted.
Example Transcriptions
/ki-uma/ → [kjuːma].
Page 11: Further Representation Examples
Representation during compensatory lengthening articulated through:
Example of /ka-oto/ → [koːto]
Visual representation of segment and timing structure.
Page 12: Timing in Morphological Contrast
Wolof Examples:
Stem and morphological forms detailing inceptive and inversive contrasts:
Suffix attachment illustrated, e.g., ub → ubi (open).
Page 13: OCP Relevance to Segment Length
Long segments defined:
Cannot consist of identical segments (OCP).
Long vowel and consonant requirements to maintain distinct features.
Page 14: OCP in Rule Application
Example: Afar Language Syncope Rule:
Context of rules leading to segment deletions.
Examples of unstressed vowel deletions in root forms.
Page 15: Timing and Contour Consonants
Affricates as an Example:
Treats affricates as strident stops for phonological representation.
Discusses the correct representation for affricates depending on language.
Page 16: Prenasalized Stops
Characteristics of Prenasalized Stops:
Always share place of articulation; generally voiced.
Examples from Swahili illustrate syllabic structures and nasal behavior.
Page 17: Diphthongs Representation
Falling Diphthongs (VG):
Represented as heavy and patterned with long vowels.
English examples discussed outlining stress patterns based on heaviness.
Page 18: Rising Diphthongs
Rising Diphthongs (GV):
Typically lighter and align with short vowels; also discussed on stress placement.
Detailed representation structure for rising diphthongs.