Science bee stuff
Practice Question A - The Hylonomous was the earliest known member of this class,
which split off from birds around 65 million years ago. Members of this class of animal
are cold-blooded and usually covered in scutes or scales. For the point, name this class of
animals that includes turtles, lizards, and snakes.
ANSWER: Reptiles (or Reptilia)
Practice Question B - According to ancient Greek-Egyptian scientist Ptolomy, this object
was the center of the universe. This object’s only moon likely occurred when another
object, Theia, collided with this planet. For the point, name this third planet from the sun,
where we are right now.
ANSWER: Earth (prompt on “Geocentric Model” or “Geocentricity”)
Practice Question C - The pistil and stamen are found within this structure, which also
include sporangia for the distribution of spores. The only plants that possess these objects
are angiosperms. For the point, name these colorful reproductive structures of certain
plants, also called blossoms.
ANSWER: Flowers (accept Blooms; accept Blossoms before mentioned)
Once you have finished with the practice questions, make sure all of the students in the
room understand how the round will work and then proceed as usual. Remember, these
do NOT count towards any scores for the round!
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 1
Regulation Tossups
(1) It's not Aquarius, but a meteor shower named for this constellation is produced by
Halley’s comet. A feature in this constellation is formed by the stars Alnitak, Alnilam, and
Mintaka, and this constellation’s brightest stars are Rigel and Betelgeuse. A mythological
hunter names, for the point, what constellation with a famous belt?
ANSWER: Orion
(2) This molecule is rapidly copied in the lab technique PCR, and the enzyme helicase
splits this molecule before it is replicated by a polymerase. This molecule contains adenine,
cytosine, guanine, and thymine. For the point, name this double-helix structure that contains
genetic information.
ANSWER: DNA (accept Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
(3) The warming effect of this natural phenomenon has increased the biodiversity of
areas like Nantucket. The Antilles Current connects with this phenomenon at the intersection
of the Florida Strait. For the point, name this warm ocean current that originates in the
southern US and makes its way along the eastern coastline through the North Atlantic.
ANSWER: Gulf Stream
(4) These animals were hypothesized to be juvenile examples of the Torosaurus. These
animals' two species were the horridus and prorsus, and these animals were first thought to
be an extinct type of bison. The Tyrannosaurus rex was likely the primary predator of, for the
point, what dinosaurs that may have defended themselves with their three horns?
ANSWER: Triceratops
(5) Two of these particles behave as a boson in a Cooper pair, and these particles name
the most stable flavor of neutrino. These particles and stable leptons possess antiparticles
called positrons, and these particles are the quanta and force carrier of the electromagnetic
force. For the point, name these negatively charged particles that orbit the nucleus of an atom.
ANSWER: Electrons
(6) This quantity is proportional to temperature, but inversely proportional to pressure
from the combined gas law. This quantity has a value of 22.4 for one mole of an ideal gas. For
the point, name this quantity describing the space occupied by a substance, usually expressed
in liters.
ANSWER: Volume
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 1
(7) Elevated levels of free fatty acids are a risk factor for resistance to this hormone. The
effect of this hormone is opposed by glucagon, and this hormone is released by beta cells in
the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas. For the point, name this hormone involved in blood
sugar modulation, which is often taken by people with type 1 diabetes.
ANSWER: Insulin
(8) AFFF and CAFS are compounds used for this task that are usually manifested as foam.
Portable devices used for this task most commonly contain compressed CO2 and dry ABC
powder. Extinguishers and water are used in, for the point, what task commonly performed
by first responders using a hose?
ANSWER: Fire Fighting (accept any answer regarding Putting Out or Extinguishing Fires)
(9) These devices can include a light-blocking component called a coronagraph, and
protesters on Mauna Kea are trying to prevent a Thirty-Meter one of these devices from being
built. NASA administrator James Webb is a namesake of, for the point, what type of devices,
the most famous of which is named for Edwin Hubble?
ANSWER: Telescopes (accept Space Telescopes)
(10) This desert is the alleged home of a "Death Worm," which may be the Tartar sand boa.
This desert was formed by the rain shadow of the Tibetan Plateau, and it is the native habitat
of the Bactrian camel. China constructed a "Green Wall" to contain, for the point, what large
Asian desert that covers southern Mongolia?
ANSWER: Gobi Desert
(11) A procedure known as CABG [["Cabbage"]] is used to remove blockages in these
structures. Most of these structures carry oxygenated blood, and the largest one of these
structures is the aorta. A person's pulse can be detected by feeling, for the point, what blood
vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
ANSWER: Arteries (or Artery)
(12) A specific class of these compounds is named for Gilbert Lewis. The Bronsted-Lowry
definition of these compounds involves the donation of hydrogen ions in solution. The acetic
form of these compounds is found in vinegar. For the point, name these compounds which
exhibit a pH below 7, contrasted with bases.
ANSWER: Acids (accept Superacid; accept Lewis Acid)
(13) The Bessemer process removes impurities from this element's "Pig" form. With cobalt
and nickel, this element is naturally ferromagnetic, and this element oxidizes to form a red
compound called rust. For the point, name this transition metal with symbol Fe [[F-E]] that
alloys with carbon to make steel.
ANSWER: Iron (or Fe)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 1
(14) The genome of this organism was completely sequenced in 2000, and the white-eyed
mutation of this organism is often studied in introductory biology classes. This organism was
used by Thomas Hunt Morgan to study heredity and sex-linked traits. For the point, name this
common insect and model organism.
ANSWER: Fruit Fly (or Drosophila melanogaster)
(15) The strong form of this concept is refuted in the Chinese room argument. A test for
this concept evaluating indistinguishability from human conversation is named for Alan
Turing. For the point, name this concept that refers to a computer's ability to think like a
human brain.
ANSWER: Artificial Intelligence (or A.I.)
(16) Use of this material must be halved by 2030 to meet the criteria of the Paris
Agreement. Satellites like Sentinel-5P monitor this material's sulfur dioxide output, and
varieties of this material include lignite and anthracite. For the point, name this fuel source
composed mostly of solid carbon.
ANSWER: Coal (accept Lignite or Anthracite before mentioned; prompt on "Fossil Fuels")
(17) Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing is a therapy developed for this
condition that was formerly known as shell shock. Flashbacks and recurring nightmares are
characteristic symptoms of this condition. For the point, name this psychological condition
caused by experiencing horrible events, commonly associated with soldiers.
ANSWER: PTSD (or Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; prompt on "Shell Shock" before
mentioned)
(18) Primary examples of these compounds are oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic
acids, while secondary types are oxidized to ketones. These compounds are characterized by
the presence of a hydroxyl group. Methanol and ethanol are the simplest members of, for the
point, what class of compounds found in beer and liquor.
ANSWER: Alcohols (accept Primary Alcohol or Secondary Alcohol; prompt on specific
molecules like “Methanol” or “Ethanol;” prompt on “Hydroxyl”)
(19) These cells are coated with a myelin sheath, which allows them to quickly transmit
action potentials. These cells are split into "sensory" and "motor" types and separated from
each other by synapses. For the point, name these signal-transmitting nerve cells, the basic
units of the nervous system.
ANSWER: Neurons (accept Nerve Cells)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 1
(20) The core collapse type of these events occurs when stars accumulate extremely
massive iron cores. Thermal runaways can be seen in the type 1a form of these events that
occur when a white dwarf surpasses the Chandrasekhar [[SHON-druh-say-karr]] limit. For
the point, name these extraordinary large stellar explosions.
ANSWER: Supernova (do not accept or prompt on just "Nova")
(21) These expressions are classified as analytic because they are a finite power series.
The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra states that every one of these expressions with degree
n and complex coefficients has n complex roots. For the point, name these expressions that
contain coefficients and variables, like x squared minus one.
ANSWER: Polynomials (prompt on “Quadratic” by asking “What larger class do quadratics
belong to?”)
(22) This entity “floats” on top of a lower layer when subject to isostasy [[EYE-soss-tuh-
see]]. This layer's most abundant elements by weight are oxygen and silicon. The boundary
between this layer of the Earth and the mantle is known as the Moho discontinuity. For the
point, name this outermost layer of the Earth.
ANSWER: Crust (accept Oceanic crust or Continental crust before mentioned; prompt on
“Lithosphere” by asking “What part?”)
(23) A paper by this scientist proposed a new calculation for mean squared displacement
of particles. That paper on Brownian motion and another on mass-energy equivalence were
half of this man's 1905 "Annus Mirabilis." For the point, name this scientist who, in that same
year, published explanations of the photoelectric effect and special relativity.
ANSWER: Albert Einstein
(24) Unlike addition, this operation is not commutative for matrices in general. The use of
numerous instances of this operation upon one number is called exponentiation. Often
thought of as a form of repeated addition, this is, for the point, what operation that when
applied to 2 and 3 yields 6?
ANSWER: Multiplication
(25) Fat is stored in the subcutaneous layer of this organ that makes up the integumentary
system. Exocrine glands secrete an oily substance called sebum to lubricate this organ, which
is the largest in the human body. Th dermis and epidermis are layers of, for the point, what
organ affected by eczema and acne?
ANSWER: Skin (accept Dermis before mentioned; accept Epidermis before mentioned)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 1
(26) The rotary form of this process is used to purify substances. This process explains
why sweating cools the body, and salt deposits are created when it occurs in saline water.
When this process occurs at low pressures or high temperatures, it is called boiling. For the
point, name this process in which a liquid turns into a gas.
ANSWER: Evaporation (or Vaporization; accept Boiling before mentioned)
(27) One of these devices was codenamed D1, and was deployed at Flers-Courcelette
[[FLEHRS CORE-suh-lett]] in France. The Soviet T-34 type of these devices was first deployed
against the invading Germans in World War Two. The Battle of El Alamein debuted of one of
these devices with a fully rotating gun turret. The M4 Sherman was one type of, for the point,
what heavily armored military vehicles?
ANSWER: Tanks (accept British Mark I; or Male Tanks; or T-34 Tanks; or M4 Sherman
Tanks)
(28) One form of this element is named after Buckminster Fuller, while another form of
this element ranks at the top of the Mohs hardness scale. Graphite is a form of this element,
which together with oxygen and hydrogen forms molecules of glucose. For the point, name
this element, the fundamental basis of organic molecules and life.
ANSWER: Carbon (or C)
(29) Mary Anning collected these objects in Lyme Regis. Types of these objects include
coprolites, and an arrangement of these objects comprise "Sue" at Chicago’s Field Museum.
Iguanodon and Diplodocus were identified after discovering, for the point, what objects dug
up by paleontologists?
ANSWER: Fossils (accept Dinosaur Bones)
(30) An unnamed ring of this planet parallels the orbit of its moon Galatea. Objects in a 1:2
resonance with this planet are known as “twotinos,” and a spinning storm on this planet is
known as the Great Dark Spot. Triton is a moon of, for the point, what planet in the solar
system, located farthest from the Sun?
ANSWER: Neptune
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 1
Extra Questions
(1) The earliest estimate of this quantity depended on indirect estimates of the number
of particles of latex. Jean Perrin defined this constant, denoted capital N, as the number of
atoms in 16 grams of oxygen. For the point, name this constant, approximately 6 times 10 to
the 23rd power, that equals the number of particles in a mole.
ANSWER: Avogadro's Constant (or Avogadro's Number; prompt on "N" before mentioned)
(2) The product of the linear dimension and flow speed is divided by this quantity to give
the Reynolds number. This quantity's kinematic form is equal to its dynamic form divided by
the density of the fluid. For the point, name this quantity, a measure of a fluid's internal
resistance to flow.
ANSWER: Viscosity
Biology & Anatomy
1. Chromosomes are composed of proteins and a single molecule of DNA.
2. A food chain depicts the order of sequence of organisms who feed on one another.
3. Neurons are nerve cells which receive sensory input and send motor signals to the muscles.
4. A joint is a part of the body where two or more bones connect.
5. The Tyrannosaurus Rex was a species of carnivorous dinosaur that lived during the late Cretaceous period.
6. Viruses multiply by infecting host cells with genetic material.
7. The heart is an organ of the circulatory system that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body.
Astronomy
1. Alpha Centauri is a triple star system that is the closest star system to the Sun.
2. An eclipse occurs when a celestial body, such as the Moon, blocks the Sun’s light from reaching Earth.
3. Neptune became the farthest planet from the Sun following Pluto’s demotion to a dwarf planet.
4. A black hole is an incredibly dense region in space where gravity is so strong, light cannot escape.
5. Global Position System, or GPS, is a U.S.-based satellite network used for navigation.
6. When a star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself, it explodes in a supernova.
7. An exoplanet is located outside of the Solar System, and thus, does not orbit our Sun.
8. The asteroid belt is located between Mars and Jupiter. It is home to Ceres, the largest asteroid, which is considered a dwarf planet.
9. The Kuiper Belt lies beyond Neptune and includes the dwarf planet Pluto and its moon Charon.
Chemistry
1. Sublimation is the process of a solid substance turning into a gas.
2. The goal of alchemy, a historical pseudoscience, was to transform base metals into silver or gold.
3. Neon, the fifth most abundant element in the universe, is used in fluorescent lamps and signs.
4. The first element of the periodic table is hydrogen, which is also the most abundant element in the universe.
5. Pasteurization is a method of heat treatment that is used to destroy microorganisms on food products. It is named for the French chemist Louis Pasteur who developed it.
6. Substances, such as water and honey, are described as liquids since they possess a definite volume but not a fixed shape.
7. pH is a metric used to measure the acidity or basicity of a substance. It is commonly said to range from 0 to 14. Values close to 0 are more acidic; values close to 14 are more basic.
8. Organic chemistry is a subdiscipline concerned with compounds containing Carbon, an element with atomic number 6. Carbon and organic compounds form the basis of all known life.
Computer Science
1. A central processing unit is a component which interprets and executes instructions on a computer.
2. HTML is the standard language used to create webpages on the World Wide Web.
3. Spamming is the practice of mass-sending unwanted messages via email or text.
Earth Science
1. The crust is the outermost layer of Earth. Beneath the crust lies the mantle. The border between the crust and the mantle is known as the Moho.
2. Corals are invertebrates which make up the reefs that serve as an ecosystem for many marine animals.
3. The Last Glacial Period, also known as the Last Ice Age, peaked approximately 22,000 years ago and ended about 11,700 years ago.
4. Lava is molten rock that is expelled during a volcano eruption.
5. Fracking is the process of extracting natural gas and oil from shale rock.
Math
1. The three legs of a right triangle are associated with the Pythagorean theorem, which states that the sum of the squares of the side lengths of the triangle equals the square of the length of the hypotenuse (the side of the triangle opposite the right angle).
2. A complex number consists of a real part and an imaginary part.
3. Exponentiation is an operation involving repeated multiplication of a number based on its superscript.
Physics
1. Isaac Newton (1642-1727) developed the law of gravity legendarily after an apple fell on his head.
2. Elasticity is an object’s ability to return to its original shape after being flatten or stretched.
3. Boiling point is the temperature it takes to transform a substance, typically a liquid, into a vapor.
4. Combustion is a reaction between a fuel and an oxidant, giving off heat and light.
5. Gamma rays are the strongest form of electromagnetic radiation.
6. Fission occurs when a neutron bombards into an atomic nucleus, resulting in the atom to split into two smaller nuclei.
7. The speed of sound measures how fast vibrations travel. If an object exceeds it, a sonic boom occurs.
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Finals
Finals
Regulation Tossups
(1) Resacas are types of these features that are formed when water moves from the
Colorado River to the Gulf of Mexico. These features can release lethal amounts of carbon
dioxide in events known as limnic eruptions. Billabong is the Australian term for one of the
oxbow types of these bodies of water. For the point, name these bodies of water that include
Okeechobee and Huron.
ANSWER: Lakes (accept Oxbow Lakes; accept Billabong before mentioned; accept specific
lakes; prompt on "Limnic Eruption" before mentioned)
(2) Enzymes that catalyze the breakdown of this molecule by dephosphorylation are
known as its namesake “ase.” This molecule must bind to a magnesium cation to be active,
and this molecule’s synthase is powered by a proton gradient in the electron transport chain.
Glycolysis yields a net gain of 2 of, for the point, what molecule, the energy currency of the
cell?
ANSWER: ATP (or Adenosine Triphosphate)
(3) These constructs are unrolled during compilation, and vectorization obviates the
need for these constructs. Retry statements can be used to exit these structures using the
break command. For, while, and do are keywords that declare these constructs, which can
run infinitely if left unsatisfied. For the point, name these blocks of code that are executed
repeatedly until a particular condition is met.
ANSWER: Loops
(4) In standard procedures, a sterile loop is spread over one of these objects containing
solid nutrient agar or another growth medium. Penicillin was discovered by Alexander
Fleming from a type of mold growing in one of these objects. Cells can be cultured on, for the
point, what shallow dishes named for a German microbiologist?
ANSWER: Petri dishes (accept plates; accept Petri plate)
(5) The alpine form of this biome can be identified by the presence of stunted forests
called Krummholz. Short growing seasons affect this biome where the Sami people of Finland
reside. Animals native to this biome include the ptarmigan and lemming. For the point,
identify this biome characterized by low temperatures and limited tree growth that contains
permafrost in its Arctic example.
ANSWER: Tundra (accept Alpine Tundra; accept Arctic Tundra before mentioned; accept
Antarctic Tundra)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Finals
(6) In most oocytes, these structures can be seen in their "lampbrush" form. In humans,
these structures are numbered roughly in order of descending length, and two of them are
the "Sex" type. Karyotypes are used to arrange and display these structures made of
chromatin. Human genetic information is carried by, for the point, what cells that generally
have 23 pairs?
ANSWER: Chromosomes (accept Lampbrush Chromosomes; accept Sex Chromosomes)
(7) The Tupolev Tu-144 is the Soviet analog of a type of aircraft that can accomplish this
feat, and that aircraft, the Concorde, was primarily operated by Air France and British
Airways for three-hour transatlantic flights to New York. Chuck Yeager flew in an X-1 rocket
plane to accomplish, for the point, what feat in which a vehicle travels faster than Mach 1?
ANSWER: Breaking the Sound Barrier (accept Breaking Mach 1; accept Supersonic;
accept Concorde before mentioned)
(8) These structures are numbered based on the thoracic vertebra to which they attach.
The lowermost of these structures are known as the floating type, and the false type of these
structures are connected via cartilage to the sternum. For the point, identify this set of 12
paired bones that form a namesake cage in the chest.
ANSWER: Ribs (accept True Ribs; accept False Ribs; accept Floating Ribs)
(9) Two enzymes and three of these compounds synthesize creatine. Residues of one type
of these compounds make up about one-third of collagen, and the side chain of that type of
these compounds is a single hydrogen atom. These compounds are the precursor to proteins,
and 21 of them are known. For the point, identify these compounds of which methionine and
lysine are essential types.
ANSWER: Amino Acids (prompt on partial answers; accept Glycine)
(10) The conservation of this quantity can be derived from Noether’s [[NOY-thurrs]]
theorem for systems that possess time invariance. The Lagrangian is the difference between
the kinetic and potential types of this quantity. The joule is the SI unit that measures, for the
point, what quantity that is needed in order to do work?
ANSWER: Energy (or Total Energy; accept Kinetic Energy; accept Potential Energy or any
other specific type of energy)
(11) This odd number is followed by twin primes, and this perfect square is the second in
a series of squares whose digits add up to 18. This first reverse divisible number is often the
basis for numerical magic tricks because it can be the result of any two three-digit numbers,
reversed then subtracted. For the point, what is the product of 3 and 11?
ANSWER: 33
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Finals
(12) One of these creatures is biologically immortal due to its ability to alternate between
its polyp and medusa phases. These creatures possess structures called nematocysts, or
stinging cells. The lion's mane species of these creatures is the largest member of the phylum
cnidaria [[NYE-dare-ee-uh]]. For the point, name these venomous aquatic animals that
include the Portuguese Man O' War.
ANSWER: Jellyfish (accept Cnidarians before mentioned; accept specific Jellyfish species)
(13) Some compounds composed of these molecules have a lattice energy that can be
measured via applications of Hess’s law, and they are held together by electrostatic
attractions. A covalent bond unites atoms in the polyatomic type of these molecules. For the
point, name these charged molecules that can be either cations [[CAT-"eye"-ons]] or anions.
ANSWER: Ions (accept Ionic Compounds; accept Cation or Anions before mentioned)
(14) This type of electromagnetic radiation is utilized in Mossbauer spectroscopy, and
bursts of this type of radiation last briefly before emitting radiation of a longer wavelength,
such as X-rays. For the point, name this type of radiation that has the shortest wavelength on
the electromagnetic spectrum and can be produced by nuclear fission.
ANSWER: Gamma Rays (accept Gamma Ray Burst; accept Terrestrial Gamma Ray Flash)
(15) The sarcoplasmic type of this organelle releases calcium ions during muscle
contraction. It’s not the Golgi apparatus, but flattened sacs called cisternae are found in this
organelle. This organelle folds proteins, and its types are distinguished by the presence or
absence of studded ribosomes. For the point, name this organelle that comes in smooth and
rough types.
ANSWER: Endoplasmic Reticulum (or ER; accept Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum or ER;
accept Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum or ER; prompt on “Reticulum” or “Endoplasmic”)
(16) This molecule is phosphorylated by hexokinase in the first step of its conversion to
pyruvate. Formation of this molecule requires six carbon dioxide molecules and six water
molecules, and cellulose is composed of units of this most abundant monosaccharide. For the
point, name this six-carbon molecule, the main component of blood sugar.
ANSWER: Glucose
(17) The namesake load of these devices can be found by dividing charge by voltage. These
devices can be created by inserting a resistive dielectric between two parallel plates, and
these devices' namesake quantity is measured in farads. For the point, name these circuit
components that passively hold an electric charge.
ANSWER: Capacitors
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Finals
(18) Flank vents are peripherals to this type of landform that may form from a cinder cone.
Calderas are formed on these landforms as the result of the collapse of a magma chamber.
For the point, name these landforms that are prone to eruption and include examples such as
Mt. Saint Helens.
ANSWER: Volcano (accept Caldera before mentioned; accept specific types of Volcano)
(19) This organ is located at the end of the cecum, which is located at the beginning of the
large intestine. This hollow tube is closed on one end and is believed to be vestigial in humans.
For the point, name this organ which cab be easily removed to relieve its namesake
inflammation due to having no currently known life-sustaining function.
ANSWER: Appendix
(20) Some of the largest types of features made from this natural material include
Christmas Island. Islands formed from this material comprise the countries of Tuvalu and
Kiribati [[KEER-uh-bahs]], and this material also comprises the world's largest structure
made by living organisms. For the point, name this material that forms the Great Barrier Reef.
ANSWER: Coral (accept Coral Atolls; prompt on "Great Barrier Reef" until mentioned)
(21) The crusts of these objects are subject to frame dragging and strong magnetic dipole
rotation that can cause starquakes. When these objects possess extreme magnetic fields they
are called magnetars, and when these objects emit regular bursts of radiation they are known
as pulsars. For the point, name these extremely dense stars composed of a namesake neutral
particle.
ANSWER: Neutron Stars (accept Pulsars before mentioned)
(22) This largely spherical body's highest point is the cryo-volcano Ahuna Mons. Along
with Uranus, this body's orbit was predicted by the discredited Titius-Bode Law. Vesta and
this body were the destinations of the Dawn probe, and this body is the only dwarf planet
within Neptune's orbit. For the point, name this largest object in the asteroid belt.
ANSWER: Ceres
(23) This number that was estimated in the Buffon's needle problem appears as one of the
two exponents in Euler's [[OY-luhrs]] identity. 180 degrees equals this number of radians,
and twice the product of the radius and this number helps compute the circumference of a
circle. For the point, give this number approximately equal to 22 over 7, or 3.14.
ANSWER: Pi (accept 3.14 before mentioned; accept Archimedes' Constant)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Finals
(24) The Hartree-Fock method is a process for approximating these entities of more
complex systems. The molecular variety of these entities can be calculated from the LCAO
method. The simplest type of these entities is spherical and contains no radial nodes, and a
singular one of these constructs can only hold two electrons. For the point, name these atomic
regions that come in s, p, d, and f varieties.
ANSWER: Orbitals (accept Wavefunctions before “Molecular” is mentioned; accept specific
orbital types such as S, P, D, or F Orbitals before mentioned)
(25) The side lengths and diagonals of one type of these shapes can be related by Ptolemy’s
theorem. Points within the plane that form the cyclic type of these shapes must satisfy the
intersecting chords theorem. Tetragon is another name for these types of shapes whose
simple or planar forms must have interior angles that sum to 360 degrees. For the point, name
these four-sided polygons.
ANSWER: Quadrilaterals
(26) Hygrometers are used to measure this property which can be reduced or maintained
using air-conditioner devices. High levels of this property reduce the rate of heat evaporation
from skin surfaces. For the point, name this property found in high levels in tropical countries
that measures the concentration of water vapor in the air.
ANSWER: Humidity
(27) One type of military technology named for this civilization was introduced in a
"Double piston pump" variety. That early flamethrower was a type of "Fire" named for this
civilization that invented the clepsydra, a type of automated water clock. For the point,
identify this civilization that made advancements in medicine thanks to Hipppocrates.
ANSWER: Greece (accept Greek or Greeks; accept Hellenic Republic; accept Elliniki
Dimokratia; accept Ellas or Ellada)
(28) Most of these objects are classified as chondrites, and these objects concentrate in the
Transantarctic Mountains after striking glaciers. Particularly bright examples of these objects
are known as bolides, but they get another name after striking the ground. Found inside
impact craters, these are, for the point, what fallen space rocks?
ANSWER: Meteorites (prompt on “Asteroids;” prompt on "Meteoroids")
(29) A project called Breakthrough Starshot aims to send many miniature spacecraft to
this system using solar sails to explore this star system, the brightest object in the
constellation Centaurus. Comprised of three stars, this is, for the point, what closest stellar
system to our Sun which contains a star known as Proxima?
ANSWER: Alpha Centauri (prompt on "Proxima Centauri" before mentioned)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Finals
(30) This element forms a structural motif in DNA domains known as its namesake
“finger." This element is commonly used to galvanize iron and steel against corrosion in heavy
industry. This element’s alloy with copper is brass, and it is the main component of pennies.
Ointments and sunscreen commonly use an oxide of, for the point, what metal with symbol
Zn?
ANSWER: Zinc (accept Zn before mentioned; accept Zinc Finger)
Extra Questions
(1) A single bond between two atoms of this element is present in molecules used to
catalyze radical reactions. Another molecule with three atoms of this element is present in
the stratosphere to absorb UV light. In respiration, a diatomic molecule of this element is
exchanged for carbon dioxide. For the point, name this element with atomic number 8 and
symbol O.
ANSWER: Oxygen (prompt on "Peroxide;" prompt on "Ozone")
(2) It’s not the Earth, but scientists estimate this body formed 4.6 billion years ago from
the gravitational collapse of matter. Copernicus first advanced the theory that the planets
don’t orbit Earth, but rather this object, the nearest star to Earth. For the point, name this
massive body at the center of the solar system.
ANSWER: Sun (accept Sol)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 3
Round 3
Regulation Tossups
(1) A 1999 mission to study the climate of this body was lost due to a miscommunication
regarding Imperial and metric units. Extensive soil tests were performed on this body by the
Viking landers. The Spirit and Opportunity rovers transmitted extensive data from, for the
point, what fourth planet from the sun?
ANSWER: Mars
(2) These phenomena are the most common disorders treated with split-brain
procedures. The febrile type of these phenomena occur in children with high fevers. Muscle
spasms and unconsciousness typify a type of this phenomenon known as grand mal. For the
point, name these convulsion events, the defining characteristic of epilepsy.
ANSWER: Seizures (accept specific seizure types like Grand Mal Seizure before mentioned;
prompt on "Convulsions")
(3) This class of animals vocalizes through the use of a syrinx which can produce
especially variable sounds in mynahs and conures. Members of this class of animals have
four-chambered hearts and, though warm-blooded, are descended from dinosaurs. For the
point, name this general class of vertebrates whose bones are typically hollow to enable flight.
ANSWER: Birds (or Avians; or Aves; accept Mynah Birds; accept Conure Birds)
(4) This U.S. state is home to the Hale Telescope, which was the world's largest when it
was constructed at this state's Palomar Observatory. Ernest Lawrence invented the cyclotron
at a university in this state that won a Nobel Prize for discovering plutonium and uranium
under Glenn Seaborg. For the point, identify this U.S. state where Berkelium and a namesake
element were discovered.
ANSWER: California
(5) This element's methyl compounds bio-accumulate in fish and other seafood.
Atmospheric pressure can be measured in millimeters of this element, and alloys of this
element are commonly known as amalgams. Remaining liquid at room temperature this is,
for the point, what transition metal that has largely been replaced by colored alcohol in glass
thermometers?
ANSWER: Mercury (or Hg; accept Mercury Methyl Compounds; accept Millimeters of
Mercury)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 3
(6) This person recorded their best known achievement in the journal 20 Hrs., 40 Min..
This person is the namesake of the scholarship fund awarded by a women's organization
known as the Ninety-Nines. This person was last seen traveling from New Guinea with
navigator Fred Noonan. For the point, name this female aviator who disappeared in 1937.
ANSWER: Amelia Mary Earhart
(7) This molecule is silenced by proteins in the Argonaute family. Micro and small
interfering variants of this molecule are noncoding, and one type of this molecule links amino
acids to form proteins. Ribosomal, messenger, and transfer are types of, for the point, what
single-stranded nucleic acid that does not contain deoxyribose?
ANSWER: RNA (or Ribonucleic Acid; accept RNA Interference or miRNA or siRNA or
microRNA or Small Interfering RNA or rRNA or tRNA or mRNA or Ribosomal RNA or
Transfer RNA or Messenger RNA)
(8) The positive displacement type of these devices continuously trap and move small
amounts of fluids. The diaphragm type of these devices alternates fluid motion between two
chambers separated by a flexible rubber seal. Pressure is reduced in the vacuum type of these
devices, and reciprocal examples of these devices power hand-operated wells. For the point,
name these devices used to inflate tires.
ANSWER: Pump (accept Positive Displacement Pump; accept Diaphragm Pump; accept
Vacuum Pump; accept Reciprocating Pump; accept Tire Pump)
(9) Instabilities in these objects can become swing-amplified, and these objects may be
formed via Lindblad resonances. One type of these objects has a flattened rotation curve and
appears in the upper part of the Hubble tuning fork. Spiral, elliptical, and irregular are major
types of, for the point, what type of galactic objects exemplified by Andromeda and the Milky
Way?
ANSWER: Galaxy (or Galaxies; accept specific types of Galaxies before mentioned)
(10) This man’s namesake transformation converts between coordinate systems that
differ only by relative motion. This scientist was the first to formalize the concept of inertia,
and he is famous for making discoveries that supported Copernicus’s heliocentric theory. For
the point, name this Italian polymath who improved the telescope.
ANSWER: Galileo Galilei (accept either; accept Galilean Invariance; accept Galilean
Transformation; accept Galilean Moons)
(11) This molecule and water are produced in the Sabatier process, and this molecule and
carbon dioxide are the main components of biogas [[BIO-gas]]. This molecule is the main
constituent of natural gas, and it is emitted from volcanoes and swamps. For the point,
identify this simplest alkane with formula CH4.
ANSWER: Methane (accept CH4 before mentioned)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 3
(12) The constellation Sagittarius is identified by this number in the Messier catalogue.
This number is the smallest even two-digit number whose digits sum to 10. This number is
the atomic number of Nickel, as well as the number of days in two fortnights. For the point,
identify this number, the product of 4 times 7.
ANSWER: 28
(13) Serum is a colorless component of this substance. An inability of the body to perform
that process within this substance can result in hemophilia. Clotting is a process that takes
place in, for the point, what substance within the human body composed of cells and plasma
that is classified in types such as O negative?
ANSWER: Blood (accept Blood Clot; accept Blood Type)
(14) Neurobiological models of these phenomena include the activation-synthesis, and
control is maintained in the lucid type of these phenomena. Sigmund Freud divided these
occurrences into manifest and latent content in a book titled for their interpretation.
Associated with REM sleep, these are, for the point, what nighttime occurrences, terrifying
varieties of which are called nightmares?
ANSWER: Dreams (accept Nightmares before read)
(15) The Cassini-Huygens [[HOY-genz]] space-research mission discovered many of its
physical features, including the String of Pearls and Great White Spot. The second-largest
moon of this planet is called Rhea, and other moons of this planet include Enceladus. Titan is
the largest moon of, for the point, what sixth planet from the Sun, located between Jupiter
and Uranus?
ANSWER: Saturn
(16) The shell model of this structure predicts islands of stability in isotopes with large
magic numbers that have a higher average binding energy. A famous experiment discovered
this structure by firing alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil. For the point, name this structure
at the center of the atom.
ANSWER: Atomic Nucleus (or Atomic Nuclei)
(17) One of these products invented by Alexey Pajitnov is sometimes used to disrupt visual
memory. Congressional hearings concerning these objects questioned whether they cause
children to engage in violence, and these products are given ratings based on their content
by the ESRB. For the point, name these entertainment products produced by companies such
as EA and Nintendo.
ANSWER: Video Games (prompt on "Games")
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 3
(18) Archimedes explained this natural phenomenon using the center of mass of a triangle.
Vitruvius explained this naturally occurring phenomenon by publishing De Architectura, and
Galileo Galilei apocryphally demonstrated this natural phenomenon by dropping two balls
from the same height. For the point, name this natural force that explains why objects fall.
ANSWER: Gravity (or Gravitation; or G)
(19) German shelters called schneekragens [[SHNEEK-rah-gins]] guard against these
phenomena by offering safe corridors. Terrain, weather, and packing of a certain material are
part of a three-part model of this phenomenon that can occur in slab and powder types. Loud
noises and other disturbances can trigger, for the point, what destructive natural
phenomenon also called a snow slide?
ANSWER: Avalanches (accept Slab Avalanche; accept Powder Snow Avalanche; accept
Snow Slide before mentioned)
(20) A condition affecting this organ is named for physician Norman Barrett. Another
condition of this organ can be prevented with H2 receptor or proton pump inhibitors and by
avoiding spicy foods. Stomach acid enters this organ in acid reflux and GERD [[GURD]]. For
the point, identify this tubular organ that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
ANSWER: Esophagus
(21) The boundary between part of this region and its upper neighbor is sometimes named
for Keith Bullen or Inge Lehmann. Analysis of seismic waves and the magnetic field have
determined the outer portion of this layer is likely a solid ball composed of a nickel-iron alloy.
For the point, identify this innermost geologic layer of Earth.
ANSWER: Earth's Core (accept Inner Core; accept Outer Core)
(22) One of these animals orbited the Earth aboard Sputnik 2, becoming the first animal in
space. These animals were the subject of an experiment in which they developed an
association between meat powder and a ringing bell that resulted in their salivation. Ivan
Pavlov studied, for the point, what domestic animals that belong to the canine family?
ANSWER: Dogs (accept Canines or Canids before mentioned; accept Laika; accept Pavlov's
Dogs)
(23) This substance is the primary prolactin inhibitory factor, and this substance is broken
down by monoamine oxidase. Most production of this substance occurs in the substantia
nigra, and this neurotransmitter is under-produced in Parkinson’s disease. For the point,
name this neurotransmitter that is central to the brain’s pleasure and reward systems.
ANSWER: Dopamine
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 3
(24) One of these structures was subject to a stress test at its opening by a team of
elephants led by P.T. Barnum. A poorly designed one of these structures nicknamed Galloping
Gertie collapsed due to failure caused by resonance. Cantilever and suspension, are types of,
for the point, what structures that Roman engineers designed to span the Danube and Tiber
Rivers?
ANSWER: Bridges (accept Cantilevered Bridges; accept Suspension Bridges)
(25) This planet’s orbit marks the outer limit of the asteroid belt. An Italian scientist
discovered four moons of this planet in the 17th century, including Ganymede and Europa.
Galileo built a telescope to observe this planet, which is known for its Great Red Spot. For the
point, name this fifth planet from the sun, the largest in the solar system.
ANSWER: Jupiter
(26) Temperature increases with elevation in this layer of the atmosphere until its upper
boundary, where the ozone layer can be found. In this layer of the atmosphere, certain cirrus
clouds can occur above the tropopause. For the point, name this atmospheric layer where U2
spy planes have operated for decades and from which the extreme sport athlete Felix
Baumgartner jumped and survived.
ANSWER: Stratosphere
(27) The cirque and valley-head are types of these formations. Ridges protruding from
these formations are called nunataks, and the thermal state of these formations makes them
either temperate or polar. These formations move via basal sliding, and their leftover
deposits are called eskers. For the point, identify these slow-moving formations of ice.
ANSWER: Glaciers
(28) This phenomenon is usually accompanied by eastern movement of atmospheric
convection. This weather pattern is the warm phase of a southern oscillation named for it,
and it is responsible for the seasonal rise of ocean temperatures. For the point, identify this
warm weather pattern, which is contrasted with La Niña and named for the Spanish for "the
boy."
ANSWER: El Niño (or El Nino-Southern Oscillation; or ENSO)
(29) A form of this process on the planet Venus resulted in an atmosphere of 96% carbon
dioxide. The opposite of this process has been observed on Titan, where the moon’s surface
temperature is reduced by 9 degrees Kelvin. For the point, name this effect by which
atmospheric radiation warms the surface of the planet by trapping the sun's heat.
ANSWER: Greenhouse Effect
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 3
(30) An experiment on these subjects utilized a checkered carpet, a transparent glass table,
and a ramp. That Visual Cliff experiment was conducted on these subjects, and another
researcher hid toys from these subjects using a blanket to demonstrate their lack of object
permanence. For the point, name these young humans used as research subjects by
developmental psychologists.
ANSWER: Babies (or Infants; prompt on "Children" or similar answers)
Extra Questions
(1) This quantity is the time integral of the impulse, and Coulomb’s law states that one
type of this quantity between two objects is inversely proportional to their distance squared.
This vector quantity is equal to mass times acceleration, according to Newton’s second law of
motion. For the point, name this vector quantity, examples of which include pushes and pulls.
ANSWER: Force (or F; accept Gravity or Gravitational force; accept Electrostatic force;
prompt on “electric”)
(2) An object known as SN 1604 is named after this man, who described it in his De Stella
Nova. Astronomiae Pars Optica is a work by this scientist who wrote an essay to Ferdinand II
in which he proposed a force-based theory of lunar motion. For the point, name this polymath
who published three laws of planetary motion.
ANSWER: Johannes Kepler
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 2
Round 2
Regulation Tossups
(1) The second part of this process begins with a carbon dioxide molecule combining
with RuBP to make a high-energy intermediate. Deciduous trees such as birches and maples
perform this process using an organelle known as the chloroplast. Chlorophyll molecules
absorb light in, for the point, what process in which plants use light energy to produce sugars?
ANSWER: Photosynthesis (accept Light Reactions or Light-dependent Reactions before
“Second Part” is mentioned; prompt after mentioned; prompt on “Calvin Cycle” or “Calvin-
Benson Cycle” or “Dark Reaction”)
(2) These objects from from precursor stars that exceed the Tolman-Oppenheimer-
Volkoff limit. The Reissner-Nordstrom variety of these objects are non-rotating, and one of
these objects is predicted to vanish, as described by Hawking radiation. For the point, name
these regions of supermassive gravity from which light cannot escape.
ANSWER: Black Holes (accept Reissner-Nordstrom Black Holes)
(3) This man invented a mercury-fulminate-based blasting cap to reduce the need for
fuses. This owner of the arms manufacturer Bofors developed the use of nitroglycerin as an
active ingredient in explosives. For the point, name this Swedish chemist and inventor of
dynamite who lends his name to annual prizes awarded for literature, peace, and science.
ANSWER: Alfred Bernhard Nobel
(4) A volcano plot depicts how these substances bind according to the Sabatier principle.
The number of active sites in the heterogenous type of these substances are lowered by
"Poisoning," and these substances provide an alternate reaction pathway by stabilizing the
transition state and lowering the activation energy. For the point, name these substances that
speed up chemical reactions.
ANSWER: Catalysts (accept Heterogeneous Catalysts)
(5) When cooled to the lambda point, this element forms a superfluid Rollin film that
appears to creep out of its container. Alpha particles are the nuclei of this element, which is
the second-most abundant in the universe. Two hydrogen atoms combine to form, for the
point, what lightest noble gas that makes balloons float?
ANSWER: Helium or (He)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 2
(6) This function appears three times in the formula for combinations, and it is estimated
by Stirling’s approximation. This function applied to 3 is 6, and when applied to 4 yields 24.
Defined as the product of all positive integers less than or equal to n, for the point, this is what
function denoted by an exclamation point?
ANSWER: Factorial
(7) This organelle’s semi-permeable structure allows smaller molecules to pass through
without assistance through either osmosis or diffusion. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
contain this organelle in a phospholipid bilayer form. For the point, name this organelle, the
cellular boundary that protects the inner organelles.
ANSWER: Cell Membrane (prompt on "Membrane" alone)
(8) A "tree" variant of this animal is native to New Guinea, and that variety is the only
true arboreal macropod. Osphranter is a genus containing these animals, and that genus
contains the red species of this large mammal. For the point, name this Australian marsupial
and relative of the smaller wallaby.
ANSWER: Kangaroo (accept Kangaroo Island; accept Tree-Kangaroo)
(9) This planet's atmosphere is composed of extremely thick clouds primarily made of
sulfuric acid. That thick atmosphere traps greenhouse gases, giving this planet the hottest
surface temperature in the solar system. For the point, identify this second planet from the
sun, sometimes called "Earth's Twin."
ANSWER: Venus
(10) The newly discovered element Oganesson is considered to be part of this group. This
group’s members are characterized by a full complement of valence electrons in their outer
shell, leading to their lower likelihood of taking part in a chemical reaction. For the point,
name this group of elements that contains helium, neon and argon.
ANSWER: Noble Gases (accept Inert Gases; accept Aerogens)
(11) The Quechua [[keh-CHWAH]] used the Cinchona [[SIN-chone-uh]] tree to fight this
disease. An outbreak of this disease led to the founding of the CDC, and this disease was
effectively ended in the U.S. by the introduction of DDT. American soldiers in the South Pacific
contracted, for the point, what disease that is spread by mosquitoes and named for the
Spanish for "Bad Air?"
ANSWER: Malaria
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 2
(12) Predecessors of these entities included Wingdings. A set of these entities would later
be introduced and constantly added using the Unicode standard, and a face with tears of joy
is the most popular one of these entities. For the point, name these pictograms often used in
text messages that include a host of facial expressions and objects.
ANSWER: Emojis
(13) William Jenney constructed some of these things using the "Chicago skeleton"
method, employing curtain walls over a steel frame. Early examples of these places include
one named for Equitable Life in New York and Louis Sullivan's example named for Ellis
Wainwright in St. Louis. The invention of the safety elevator enabled an 1890s boom in, for
the point, what very tall office buildings?
ANSWER: Skyscrapers
(14) One inequality named for this figure is reversed in Minkowski space. The intersection
of altitudes in this shape is known as its orthocenter, and its area can be computed using
Heron’s formula. The angles in any example of this polygon sum to 180 degrees in Euclidean
[[yoo-KLIH-dee-un]] space. For the point, name this polygon with three sides.
ANSWER: Triangle
(15) The deadliest instance of this phenomenon affected the cities of Daulatpua and
Saturia in Bangladesh. These phenomena that can form from supercells are measured by their
intensity on the Fujita scale. Waterspouts are aquatic versions of, for the point, what
devastating natural disasters of revolving air columns?
ANSWER: Tornado (accept equivalents such as Twisters; accept Cyclones)
(16) Pedology is the scientific field concerned with the formation of this material that is
grouped into layers called horizons. Along with water and gases, this material is primarily
composed of sand, silt, and clay. For the point, identify this nutrient-rich mixture of organic
material used to plant flowers and crops.
ANSWER: Soil (prompt on "Earth" or "Dirt")
(17) Algeria has constructed a dam named for this color to halt overgrazing, and engineers
in several African countries are constructing a Great Wall of this color to contain the Sahara
Desert. Along with red, this color names a type of colorblindness that is more prevalent in
males. For the point, name this color that identifies a type of beryl known as emerald.
ANSWER: Green
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 2
(18) This technique’s first description in Ancient India was found in the Bower Manuscript,
which also mentioned Sushruta [[SOO-shroo-tuh]], the “Father of [this procedure].” The
Edwin Smith Papyrus describes procedures for this practice in Ancient Egypt, including the
use of sutures. For the point, name this invasive medical technique that uses instruments to
treat a patient’s condition.
ANSWER: Surgery (accept descriptive answers regarding specific Surgical Procedures)
(19) This substance induces dysentery in its creators when produced from an aphid
byproduct. This substance's low moisture content makes it inhospitable to microorganisms,
which makes it the only known foodstuff to never spoil. Produced from stomach enzymes and
stored in hexagonal wax combs, this is, for the point, what natural sweetener produced from
nectar by bees?
ANSWER: Honey
(20) These biomes are the predominant environment in which the European chamois
[[sham-WAH]] goat-antelope is found. The pika is a close relative of the rabbit that can be
found in these biomes that also contain South American camelids such as guanacos and
vicuñas. Plant-life typically stops above the snow line in, for the point, what high-altitude
biomes that include the Himalayas?
ANSWER: Mountains (accept Alpine; accept Mountain Range; accept Highlands; accept
Himalayan Mountains)
(21) Plumes of this region are believed to cause volcanic hot spots. The highly ductile
upper portion of this region is known as the asthenosphere, and conductions in the semi-
liquid portions of this region cause the movement of tectonic plates. For the point, name this
region of the Earth located between the inner core and the crust.
ANSWER: Mantle
(22) Extant varieties of these animals include the screaming hairy and pink fairy types. In
the southern United States, the nine-banded variety of these animals always give birth to
identical quadruplets, and that species is the primary vector for leprosy. For the point, name
these armored mammals, some of which can roll into a ball when scared.
ANSWER: Armadillos
(23) Half of this object was first directly seen by Jim Lovell and two other crewmembers.
This site of the Sea of Tranquility was first visited when Michael Collins stayed in orbit while
his two colleagues used a module known as The Eagle. In 1969, Buzz Aldrin and Neal
Armstrong became the first two people to reach, for the point, what heavenly body?
ANSWER: The Moon (accept Luna)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 2
(24) This compound can be artificially synthesized using dimethylurea and malonic acid.
With theophylline, this compound is often used as a treatment for sleep apnea, and this
stimulant is an alkaloid and adenosine antagonist commonly used to prevent drowsiness. For
the point, name this stimulant found in tea and coffee.
ANSWER: Caffeine (accept Guaranine; accept Methyltheobromine)
(25) A possible test of this technology was known as the Vela Incident. Tests of this
technology include Smiling Buddha and Castle Bravo, and the presence of these weapons in
Cuba triggered a 1962 diplomatic crisis. For the point, name this military weapon that uses a
fission reaction to create an explosion.
ANSWER: Nuclear Weapons (accept reasonable equivalents, like Nukes; accept equivalents
mentioning the Atom Bomb or A-Bomb; accept Nuclear Warheads; prompt on "Weapons
of Mass Destruction;")
(26) Kepler’s conjecture concerns the packing of these figures in three-dimensional space,
and the sum of angles of a triangle on this shape exceeds 180 degrees. The surface area of one
of these objects is 4 pi r squared. For the point, name this 3D shape with a volume of four
thirds pi r cubed, exemplified by structures such as marbles and globes.
ANSWER: Sphere (accept Spherical; accept Spherical Harmonics; accept Spherical
Triangle)
(27) The largest unit of this measurement is a yotta, although a bronto has been proposed.
This computer component is supported by secondary forms, including cards, external hard
drives, and the Cloud. For the point, identify this computer component that comes in Random
Access and Read-Only types.
ANSWER: Memory (accept Random Access Memory or Read-Only Memory before
mentioned)
(28) The largest unit of this measurement is a yotta, although a bronto has been proposed.
This computer component is supported by secondary forms, including cards, external hard
drives, and the Cloud. For the point, identify this computer component that comes in Random
Access and Read-Only types.
ANSWER: Memory (accept Random Access Memory or Read-Only Memory before
mentioned)
(29) Lichens consist of a fungus and one of these organisms living in a symbiotic
relationship. Ocean afforestation involves growing these organisms en masse, and rapid
oxygen-depletion in the population of these organisms are known as their namesake
“blooms.” Cyanobacteria and seaweed are types of, for the point, what often green marine
protist organisms that float on water?
ANSWER: Algae (accept Blue-Green Algae; accept Seaweed)
2021-22 MS Science Bee 1 V (7) - 2022-03-31 Round 2
(30) The Vaccinia virus is used to inoculate against this disease that was once harvested
from the hands of milkmaids. British and American forces used this disease as a bioweapon
via contaminated blankets, and the world's first vaccines were produced by Edward Jenner
to prevent this disease. For the point, name this disease caused by Variola viruses, which was
eradicated in the 1970s.
ANSWER: Smallpox (prompt on "Variola Major" or "Variola Minor" before mentioned)
Extra Questions
(1) This force can be found by taking the product of its direction with the dot product of
the unit vector and the Cauchy [[CO-chee]] stress tensor. For a ramp with an angle of
inclination theta, the magnitude of this force is equal to mg cosine theta. This force prevents
a book perched on a table from sinking through it. For the point, name this force produced by
a contact surface perpendicular to itself.
ANSWER: Normal Force
(2) This task commonly uses clay in the K-AR technique. Another technique for this task
uses zircon to calculate a uranium-thorium-lead decay chain, and another method for this
task uses the 12 and 14 isotopes of carbon. For the point, name this process that uses
radioactive decay to find the age of an object.
ANSWER: Radiometric Dating (accept Radiocarbon Dating; accept Carbon Dating; accept
Uranium-Lead Dating; accept descriptive terms referring to finding a Date or an Age of an
object)