Unit_2.2.2_Eusocial_Insects

Unit Overview

• Eusocial Insects: Focus of study in Biology 4415, taught by Dr. Matthew Terry at UTRGV.

Hymenoptera

• Definition: A diverse order of insects that includes ants, bees, and wasps, known for complex social behavior.

• Eusocial Characteristics: Collaborative brood care, overlapping generations, and division of labor.

Isoptera

• Definition: An order also known as termites, featuring social structures similar to Hymenoptera.

• Eusocial Characteristics: Inhabit colonies where individuals work together for reproduction and survival.

Hemiptera (Thrips)

• Social Roles:

  • Worker: Engaged in foraging, caring for young, and colony maintenance.

  • Soldier: Protects the colony from threats.

Coleoptera

• Definition: Emphasizes the significance of beetles in eusocial behavior.

• Size Reference: Typical measurement includes 1.0 mm, showcasing diversity in size within this group.

Eusocial Insect Colony Structure

Reproductives

• Queens: Primary reproductive female.

• Alates: Winged reproductive forms, crucial for colony expansion.

Drones or Kings

• Functions: Males involved in mating with queens to ensure genetic diversity.

• Example: European honey bee (Apis mellifera) where size comparison highlights differences in roles within the colony.

Workers

• Duties: Perform essential tasks including foraging, nursing, and defending the colony.

Soldiers

• Protection Role: Specializes in defense against predators, ensuring the safety of reproductive and worker castes.

Bonus Structures

• Repletes: Specialized workers that store food.

• Phragmotics: An adaptation where soldiers can block nest entrances, protecting the colony from intruders.